Furosemide

Furosemide – synthetic diuretic medicine for treatment of an edematous syndrome.

Pharmacological effect of Furosemide

Active component of Furosemide has diuretic effect, promoting the strengthened removal of water with simultaneous increase in removal of calcium ions and magnesium.

At use of Furosemide against the background of heart failure there is a bystry decrease in preload of the heart caused by expansion of large veins.

After intravenous administration effect of Furosemide comes quickly – in 5-10 minutes, after intake – on average in an hour.

Duration of diuretic effect of Furosemide reception – two-three hours, and at reduced function of kidneys effect of the medicine can proceed till eight o'clock.

Release form

The drug Furosemide is produced in a look:

• Granules for preparation of suspension for intake (for use in pediatrics), in banks on 150 ml and bags;
• Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration, in ampoules on 2 ml;
• Tablets on 40 mg.

Indications to Furosemide use

According to the instruction Furosemide is appointed at treatment of an edematous syndrome of various genesis, including states at:

• Cirrhosis (syndrome of portal hypertensia);
• Chronic heart failure of the II-III stage;
• Nephrotic syndrome.

Besides, Furosemide according to the instruction is applied at:

• To cardiac asthma;
• Fluid lungs;
• Eclampsias;
• Wet brain;
• Arterial hypertension of a heavy current;
• Carrying out an artificial diuresis;
• Hypercalcemias;
• Some forms of hypertensive crisis.

Contraindications

Use of Furosemide according to the instruction is contraindicated in the following cases:

• At an urethra stenosis;
• At an acute glomerulonephritis;
• Against the background of an acute renal failure with an anury;
• At obstruction of urinary tract stone;
• At a hyperuricemia;
• At an alkalosis;
• At an acute myocardial infarction;
• At a hypopotassemia;
• Against the background of a heavy liver failure;
• In prekomatozny states;
• At a diabetic coma;
• At arterial hypotension;
• At a hepatic coma and a prekoma;
• At a hyper glycemic coma;
• At a dekompensirovanny mitral or aortal stenosis;
• At gout;
• At increase in the central venous pressure (more than 10 mm hg);
• Against the background of a hypertrophic subaortic stenosis;
• At digitalis intoxication;
• At disturbance of water and electrolytic exchange, including a hyponatremia, a hypovolemia, a hypochloraemia, a hypocalcemia, a hypopotassemia, a hypomagnesiemia;
• At pancreatitis;
• At hypersensitivity to Furosemide.

Furosemide is appointed with care to people of advanced age, especially with the expressed atherosclerosis, at pregnancy and a lactation, and also against the background of the following diseases:

• Hypoproteinemia;
• Prostate hyperplasia;
• Diabetes mellitus.

Furosemide route of administration

As a rule, the dosage and frequency rate of use of Furosemide is established by the doctor individually and depends from:

• Clinical situation;
• Indications;
• Age of the patient.

At Furosemide reception inside the adult initial dose varies from 20 to 80 mg a day which can be gradually increased to 600 mg a day.

The children's single dose of Furosemide is calculated proceeding from body weight and makes 1-2 mg on 1 kg, but no more than 6 mg/kg.

The Furosemide dose for adults at intravenous (jet) or intramuscular administration should not exceed 40 mg a day (in rare instances – to 80 mg divided into two times).

Reception of Furosemide at pregnancy is possible only during the minimum term taking into account estimated risk from use of medicine.

Medicinal interaction

Some medicinal combinations with Furosemide can result in undesirable therapeutic effect that should be considered at the carried-out therapy.

At simultaneous use of Furosemide with:

• Antibiotics of group of cephalosporins – the risk of strengthening of nephrotoxicity increases;
• Antibiotics of group of aminoglycosides – strengthening of ototoksichesky and nephrotoxic action is possible;
• Hypoglycemic means and insulin – decrease in their efficiency is possible;
• Including тербуталин, Fenoterolum, salbutamol and with glucocorticoids – can be observed by beta-adrenergic agonists strengthening of a hypopotassemia;
• Phenytoinum – diuretic effect of Furosemide sharply decreases;
• Indometacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – decrease in diuretic effect is possible;
• Astemizol – the risk of development of arrhythmias increases;
• APF inhibitors – observe strengthening of anti-hypertensive action;
• Kolestipol and Colestyraminum – observe reduction of absorption and diuretic effect of Furosemide;
• Lity a carbonate – strengthening of effect of drug;
• Digitoxin and digoxin – increase in toxicity of cardiac glycosides is possible;
• Cisplatinum – strengthening of ototoksichesky action;
• Tsizaprid – observes strengthening of a hypopotassemia.

Side effects of Furosemide

At use of Furosemide according to indications there can be disturbances of cardiovascular system expressed as arrhythmias, a lowering of arterial pressure, a collapse, orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia.

Furosemide according to reviews can lead to the disturbances of a nervous system which are shown as:

• Dizziness;
• Myasthenia;
• Drowsiness;
• Headache;
• Paresthesias;
• Spasms of gastrocnemius muscles;
• Adynamia;
• Confusion of consciousness;
• Apathy;
• Slackness;
• Weakness.

Besides, Furosemide according to reviews can bring to:

• To vision disorders and hearing (sense bodys);
• To decrease in a potentiality, acute ischuria (especially against the background of a prostatauxe), a hamaturia, intersticial nephrite (urinogenital system);
• To exacerbation of pancreatitis, nausea, dryness in a mouth, to a loss of appetite, vomiting, thirst, cholestatic jaundice, locks or diarrhea (alimentary system);
• Hypovolemia, hypopotassemias, hyponatremias, hypochloraemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesiemia, metabolic alkalosis (water and electrolytic exchange);
• To leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia (system of a hemopoiesis);
• Muscular weakness, arterial hypotension, hyperglycemia, dizziness, hyperuricemia with a possible exacerbation of gout, to spasms (metabolism).

Also at use of Furosemide according to indications with predisposition there can be such allergic reactions as a photosensitization, a mnogoformny exudative erythema, a purpura, a vasculitis, a small tortoiseshell, fever, exfoliative dermatitis, a fever, an acute anaphylaxis, a necrotizing angiitis and a skin itch.

At intravenous administration Furosemide according to reviews can cause calcification of kidneys (generally in premature children) and thrombophlebitis.

Storage conditions

According to indications Furosemide is released from drugstores on medical appointment. A period of storage – up to three years.