Gliosis

The gliosis is a process of substitution of the tissues of the central nervous system deformed or lost as a result of various damages on cells of a glia (neuroglia).

On localization and the nature of growth of cells of a glia subdivide into the following types of a gliosis:

• Anizomorfny – the expanding glial fibers are located chaotically;
• Fibrous – glial fibers are formed is more expressed, than cellular elements of a glia;
• Diffusion – covers big sites of a head, spinal cord;
• Isomorphic – the expanding glial fibers are located rather correctly;
• Marginal – glial fibers preferential expand in the subshell sites of a brain;
• Perivascular – glial fibers are located around the sclerosed inflamed vessels;
• Subependimalny – glial fibers are formed in the sites of a brain located under an ependyma.

The special mechanism on substitution of the destroyed fabrics, a gliosis, develops in nervous tissues as a result of damage of their structural units – neurons, replacing them with the expanding glia cells. Expanding, these cells isolate the damage centers, protecting the unimpaired fabrics. Simply the gliosis can be compared to a scar or a hem on tissues of the central nervous system.

Types of cells of which the central nervous system consists:

• Neurons – the main cells generating and transferring impulses;
• Ependymas – the cells covering the central channel back and ventricles of a brain;
• Neuroglias (glia) – the auxiliary cells of nervous tissue making up to 40-50% of volume of TsNS. It is more glial cells in nervous tissues, than neurons, at 10-50 times. Their function – protection and recovery of nervous tissues after infections and injuries, and also ensuring work of exchange processes in TsNS.

Growth of glial cells happens in the form of formation on site of damage of the centers of a gliosis. Gliosis size – the specific value which is calculated from a ratio of the increased glia cells to other cells of TsNS per unit of volume. A quantitative index of a gliosis – the size directly proportional to volumes of healing of damages to an organism.

Gliosis centers

The gliosis centers – the pathological growths of accumulations of cells of a glia replacing the destroyed neurons.

Emergence of the centers of a gliosis is a consequence of such pathological processes and diseases:

• Multiple sclerosis;
• Tuberous sclerosis;
• Inflammations – various origin encephalitis;
• Epilepsies;
• Hypoxia;
• Birth trauma;
• Long hypertension;
• Chronic hypertensive encephalopathy.

For identification of the centers of a gliosis it is necessary to carry out a magnetic resonance tomography by results of which it is possible not only to define dislocation of the centers of a gliosis and their size, but in certain cases even to obtain information on prescription of education. It gives the chance to the doctor-neuropathologist on set with other types of researches and clinical inspection to find out what result of the active or postponed process of defeat of TsNS is this center of a gliosis.

The gliosis can, without being shown clinically, it will be found accidentally at inspection according to other indications. It is necessary to know that the conclusion of MRT "gliosis signs" is not the diagnosis, but an occasion to undergo comprehensive medical examination at the specialist neuropathologist. At any result of such inspection it is necessary to treat not the center of a gliosis, but the disease which became the reason of its emergence.

Brain gliosis

Brain gliosis – a disease which reason the hereditary pathology of a lipometabolism leading to defeat of TsNS is. Meets rather seldom. Is caused by a mutation of the gene which is responsible for synthesis of a geksozoaminidaza of A – the enzyme participating in metabolism of gangliosides. Collecting in TsNS cells, gangliosides break their work. The mode of inheritance – autosomal and recessive, therefore, probability of conception exists if carriers of a mutant gene both parents, and in that case it makes 25%.

The most widespread hereditary disease Teja-Saks – a consequence of genetic pathology, generally as a result of conception of the child by close relatives. The newborn with a brain gliosis the first months of life develops normally, by 4-6 months in physical and mental development there is a regress. Hearing, sight, ability to swallow is lost, there are spasms, muscles atrophy and there comes paralysis. The maximum life expectancy of children with a brain gliosis 2-4 years.

Treatment of a gliosis

It is necessary to know – the gliosis is not subject to treatment as is not an independent disease, but a consequence of various pathological processes. Having found a gliosis, treat the reason in order to avoid development of the new centers of a gliosis.

In the presence of the centers of a gliosis it is necessary to take preventive measures in order to avoid their growth. First of all it is necessary to refuse the use of greasy food in large numbers as it is harmful for a brain. The large amount of fats coming to an organism damages and kills the neurons regulating body weight. In 7 months of the food oversaturated by fats the amount of such neurons significantly decreases, and the centers of a gliosis expand, replacing the died neurons.

In case of a hereditary disease of a lipometabolism of specific treatment of a gliosis there is no brain. On duration of gestation of 18-20 weeks by results of the analysis of amniotic liquid it is possible to establish the diagnosis. In the presence at a fruit of a disease it is necessary to interrupt pregnancy.

The main thing in prevention of a gliosis – a healthy lifestyle and regular inspections at specialists. It is impossible to treat a gliosis, and to prevent or suspend really.