Hernias

Pathological processes in an organism at which there is an intracavitary protrusion and infringement of any bodies combine under the general name of hernia and on the localization are subdivided into several separate types.

Types of hernias

1. Inguinal hernias

The most often found type of a disease – inguinal hernia. According to medical statistics inguinal hernias make more than 80 percent of all outside belly hernias. Most often inguinal hernia occurs at men that is caused by features of an anatomic structure of a male body.

On the etiology this type of hernias is subdivided into the acquired and inborn inguinal hernias.

Inguinal treats symptoms of hernia:

- an acute pain in a groin;

- the burning sensation which is sharply amplifying at an exercise stress;

- in most cases characteristic protrusion in a groin is outwardly observed (which at men can go down in a scrotum).

For establishment of the most exact diagnosis of inguinal hernia and the place of its localization to patients ultrasonic examination of the inguinal channel is appointed.

2. Umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernias are most often diagnosed for women. This fact is connected with the fact that pregnancy and childbirth have property to weaken an umbilical muscular ring in which contents can be stuck out by a cavity peritoneum: loops of a large and small bowel, epiploon, and also stomach walls.

Special danger is constituted by cases of infringement of umbilical hernia at which at patients arises and quickly the condition of acute intestinal impassability progresses.

Umbilical treats symptoms of hernia:

- the pain considerably amplifying at exercise stresses, cough, sneezing;

- nausea;

- suddenly arising desires to vomiting;

- increase in the diameter of an umbilical ring;

- protrusions in the field of an umbilical ring.

For the specialist diagnosing of umbilical hernia does not represent special complexity, but at unreducible hernias, for an exception of a metastatic tumor of an umbilical ring, to patients additional methods of tool inspection are appointed.

3. Hernias nuclei pulposi

The most widespread explanation of persistent and inexplicable pains in a back – a hernia nuclei pulposi. This morbid condition on condition of protrusion of a fibrous ring in intervertebral space with the subsequent infringement and a rupture of its contents is shown.

In the place of emergence hernias nuclei pulposi are subdivided into the following subspecies:

- hernias of lumbar department of a backbone;

- hernias of chest department of a backbone;

- hernias of cervical department of a backbone.

Certainly, it is possible to carry a condition of dehydration to the main reason for developing of a hernia nuclei pulposi, otherwise, drying of an intervertebral disk. Decrease in normal completion of liquid in intervertebral space results in stagnation, then to ischemia, inflammatory hypostasis and as a result, to an acute pain syndrome in a backbone.

Treats symptoms of hernia of a backbone:

- various degree pain syndrome;

- headaches, pains in a neck, shoulders, dizziness (at a hernia nuclei pulposi of cervical department);

- shoulder joint, shovels pains, in a thorax (at a hernia nuclei pulposi of chest department);

- pains in lumbar area, pain and numbness in the lower extremities, in buttocks (at a hernia nuclei pulposi of lumbar department).

Treatment of hernia

Conservative treatment of hernia is possible in only those cases when there are serious contraindications to an operative measure: acute infectious diseases, diseases of cardiovascular system, late duration of gestation etc., flat refusal of the patient of operation is also considered. Besides, lack of need for surgery is often caused by age of the patient. Hernias, as a rule, pass mobility of a hernial bag, by itself on condition of restriction, in infantile age.

In most cases treatment of hernia consists in its surgical excision. Operation is made under local or general anesthesia and represents department and opening of a hernial bag, its omission in an abdominal cavity and implementation of special plastics for elimination of hernial gate.