Chronic renal failure

Short characteristic of a disease

The chronic renal failure is a slow, gradual depression of function of kidneys up to full death (necrosis) of renal fabric as a result of distribution of pathological process. Today the disease arises at 200-500 people from one million inhabitants of Earth, however, the existing researches allow to draw a conclusion that in the next years the number of patients which needs treatment of a chronic renal failure will increase by 10-12%.

Origins of a chronic renal failure

In most cases defeat of renal fabric happens because of various diseases:

• diseases of kidneys, including chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis;
• the diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis and other diseases connected with disbolism;
• hereditary diseases of kidneys;
• scleroderma, system lupus erythematosus;
• the diseases leading to disturbance of a renal blood-groove including arterial hypertension

All above-mentioned inflammatory and infectious diseases cause death of nephrons, the main working cells of renal fabric. In an effect it leads to disturbances of water and electrolytic balance in an organism, to failures in process of a metabolism, acidosis and other serious effects.

Stages of a chronic renal failure

• latent – patients do not show any special complaints. At some people are noted: increased fatigue, dryness in a mouth, weakness, protein in urine and change of electrolytic composition of blood;
• compensated – complaints of patients become frequent as symptoms begin to prove much more brightly. Besides, at the person the increased release of urine is observed (to 2,5 l. in days) adverse changes at blood test are also found;
• intermittent – is registered steady increase in products of a nitrogen metabolism in blood, the level of urea and creatinine. Patients feel low, thirst, dryness in a mouth and a loss of appetite, bystry fatigue at the most insignificant exercise stresses. Skin of the person gets an icteric shade;
• end-stage – kidneys cease to cope with processing and a conclusion of harmful substances, the electrolytic composition of blood is broken, the level of creatinine, urea and uric acid very strongly increases. All this leads to uraemia, that is the amount of the urine emitted in days decreases to minimum possible limits. At this stage the chronic renal failure leads to defeat of all main systems of an organism, including cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

At the long course of a disease nitrogenous metabolic products begin to be removed with then, and from the patient the constant smell of urine is caught. Let's notice also that inadequately carried out treatment of a chronic renal failure or its total absence leads to irreversible changes and need of renal transplantation.

Treatment of a chronic renal failure

The main actions are directed to delay of progressing of a disease. For this purpose (irrespective of a stage of a chronic renal failure) doctors, first of all, establish the reason of emergence of a disease and work on its elimination. Along with it to the patient the special operating mode and rest, a rigid diet, reception of medicamentous drugs, generally anabolic steroids and a lespenefrila is appointed.

If the chronic renal failure developed to a thermal stage, standard conservative methods of treatment do not bring satisfactory result. During this period it is necessary to remove the collected exchange products from the patient's blood. As a rule, for the solution of this complex challenge the hemodialysis is used – blood of the person passes through special system in which it contacts to dializuruyushchy solution and gets rid of harmful substances then comes back in circulatory system of the patient. Within a week it is desirable for patient to hold not less than 3 sessions of dialysis lasting 3-5 watch.

The medical researches conducted in the largest clinics of the world show that with the help of a hemodialysis life expectancy of patients with the diagnosed chronic insufficiency of kidneys increases to 25 years.

Quite often there are situations when the chronic renal failure leads to a full necrosis of tissues of kidneys, and they cannot perform the functions even on condition of rendering a constant, the qualified medical care any more. In such cases the treatment method – change of a healthy kidney has to be used the most radical.