Lymphoma

Short characteristic of a disease

The lymphoma is a malignant disease of lymphatic system of the person. The lymphoma is characterized by existence of tumors in lymphatic system or in internals.

Lymphoma symptoms

Usually early symptom of a lymphoma is increase in sizes of lymph nodes in armpits, in a groin or on a neck. The sizes of nodes do not decrease over time and will not respond to treatment antibiotics. Lymph nodes do not cause painful feelings. If internals (a liver, a spleen) are increased, a raspiraniye in a stomach, breath disturbance, pain in the lower half of a back can be observed.

Also symptoms of a lymphoma is weakness, perspiration, severe fever, exposure to infectious diseases, digestion disturbance, weight reduction.

Types of lymphoma

There are two groups of tumors: Hodzhkin's lymphoma and nekhodzhinsky lymphoma.

Hodzhkin's lymphoma is characterized by existence in an organism of a special type of cells which still call Shternberga-Read's cells. It is possible to define these cells, investigating an adenoid tissue under a microscope. Treatment of a lymphoma of Hodzhkin differs from treatment of nekhodzhinsky lymphoma therefore the correct diagnosis is of great importance.

Hodzhkin's lymphoma most often meets at young age. Still the exact origin of a disease is not established.

Risk factors of development of a lymphoma of Hodzhkin is decrease in immunity, infection with a virus of Epstein-Barre which causes an infectious mononucleosis.

The main symptom of a lymphoma of Hodzhkin is increase in lymph nodes in a groin, areas of a neck and armpits. Besides, high temperature, perspiration at night, cough, decrease in body weight, an itch, bystry fatigue is observed.

Nekhodzhinsky lymphoma

Nekhodzhinsky lymphoma include quite big group of lymphoma. They have subspecies which differ in disease and the forecast.

Indolentny lymphoma are characterized by a long current and the favorable forecast. Such types of tumors do not demand treatment, but demand constant observation from the doctor.

Aggressive lymphoma – the complete antithesis indolentny. This type of tumors demands immediate treatment because of bystry progressing and increase of symptomatology.

Extranodal lymphoma are characterized by development of a disease not in lymph nodes, and in internals: intestines, spleen, lungs, stomach, brain.

30-40% of all nekhodzhinsky lymphoma are made by a diffusion V-macrocellular lymphoma. A macrocellular lymphoma elderly people most often are ill, but also children can be ill. The main symptom of a macrocellular lymphoma is bystry increase in a tumor. The diffusion V-macrocellular lymphoma belongs to aggressive forms of lymphoma and demands immediate treatment.

Classification of lymphoma

Classification of lymphoma is rather extensive and includes a large number of types. All lymphoma can conditionally be divided depending on such factors:

- outward;

- mutations;

- grouping of cells: some lymphoma form clusters – groups of cells, others are scattered on a lymph node or body organs;

- the type of cells which caused a tumor;

- protein type on a lymphoma cell surface;

- what body is struck with a lymphoma.

Lymphoma stages

Distinguish four stages of a lymphoma.

The first stage is characterized by defeat of one area of lymph nodes.

The second stage is characterized by defeat of two or more areas on one side of a diaphragm.

The third stage is characterized by damage of lymph nodes on both sides of a diaphragm.

The fourth stage is characterized by process generalization.

Diagnosis of a lymphoma

For diagnosis of a lymphoma use various methods. The main diagnostic method at a lymphoma is the biopsy. This method allows to define existence of tumor cells in fabric.

Besides, use X-ray, KG or MRT which allow not only to reveal existence of a tumor, but also to define a lymphoma stage.

Also conduct a marrow research for definition of existence of limfomny cells in a bone tissue.

Treatment of a lymphoma

Лечение агрессивной лимфомы направлено на улучшение самочувствия больного Treatment of a lymphoma depends on a stage, a form and symptoms of a disease. Indolentny forms of a lymphoma in the absence of symptomatology and development of a disease do not demand treatment. But at emergence of signs of growth begin treatment of a lymphoma. If the tumor has local localization, apply radiotheraphy. At heavier and extensive disease apply chemotherapy.

Treatment of aggressive lymphoma demands quick response to a situation. The most effective treatment of lymphoma of this type the chemotherapy is considered several courses, and at failure – transplantation of marrow or stem cells. Among drugs for treatment of a lymphoma in an aggressive form appoint Vincristinum, Cyclophosphanum, ритуксимаб, Chlorbutinum and others. A main objective of treatment of a lymphoma in an aggressive form is improvement of health of the patient as full treatment is improbable.

Forecast of lymphoma

The forecast of lymphoma of Hodzhkin – good. Modern types of treatment of lymphoma allow to achieve quite good results. Five-year survival after treatment of a lymphoma of Hodzhkin makes from 80 to 90%.

The forecast of lymphoma of a nekhodzhinsky form at timely begun treatment and use of modern methods and drugs makes about 55% for adults and 80% for children.

Whether you know that:

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