Hay fever

Short characteristic of a disease

Hay fever has many names: infectious jaundice, water fever, Vasilyev-Veyl's disease, dog fever, Japanese day fever. All of them characterize an acute infectious disease which is caused by parasitic microorganisms from family лептоспир. The disease differs in intoxication symptoms, multiple damages of a liver and kidneys, disturbances in work of a nervous system. In hard cases a hay fever at the person leads to jaundice, meningitis, a hemorrhagic syndrome and an acute renal failure.

Etiology and pathogeny

Contagiums belong to a parasitic type of Interrogans of the Leptospiraceae family. They get into a carrier organism through integuments and mucous membranes, and then settle in lymph nodes and begin to breed actively. Further a hay fever passes to other bodies and systems, collecting preferential in kidneys, a liver and TsNS. Activity of harmful microorganisms leads to necrotic and degenerative changes of fabrics, disturbance of integrity of an epithelium of renal tubules, development of the IDCS and the subsequent hemorrhagic rashes.

Disease epidemiology

The infection meets on all continents, except for Antarctica. Especially widely a hay fever is widespread in the countries with a tropical humid climate. Carriers of a disease are forest mice, water rats, dogs, cattle, pigs, rats and some other animals. At people with the diagnosis a hay fever symptoms are shown after the use of meat and milk of the infected animals, cutting of meat, long contact with the water infected with allocations of carriers. Specifics of hit of the activator in an organism define risk groups. Most often workers of livestock farms, shepherds, milkmaids, veterinarians and persons working at meadow bogs get sick. As a rule, a hay fever is diagnosed for people in summer months, especially in August when ideal conditions for reproduction of bacteria are created.

Hay fever – disease symptoms

The incubation interval of an infection lasts from 2 weeks to 1 month. The disease begins with acute symptoms:

• strong fever;
• sharp fervescence to 39-40 degrees;
• headaches;
• pronounced muscle pains (gastrocnemius muscles very strongly hurt);
• changes of integuments of the person – it becomes hyperemic, bloated. At patients expansions of blood vessels and a hyperemia of conjunctivas which often lead to emergence of hemorrhages are observed.

In the first week after the beginning of a disease emergence ekzanty various character is possible. At severe forms of a disease the hemorrhagic rashes which are localized on elbow bends and in armpits are observed. Besides, at the diagnosis a hay fever treatment includes correction of work of a liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system as at patients the ischuria, Pasternatsky's symptom, hurried breathing, decrease in the ABP and tachycardia develops.

Symptoms of fever are observed about a week then temperature returns to normal. In 3-4 days perhaps new temperature increase, but this time it falls down in 1-2 days. In certain cases лектоспироз at the person leads to development of an ikterichnost which is followed by significant increase in a liver and discoloration of urine.

In the absence of treatment the disease causes serious complications – an acute liver or renal failure, meningitis, irites, iridocyclites and encephalitis. Depending on a condition of immune system of the person manifestation and other serious consequences is possible.

Diagnosis of a disease

For existence definition лептоспир researches of samples of blood are conducted by method of direct microscopy. Besides, the activator is allocated at crops of blood for mediums. The diagnosis can be confirmed and serological by means of reaction of RIGA, RSK, microagglutination lysis.

Hay fever – treatment of a disease

All patients are subject to obligatory hospitalization. Causal treatment consists in penicillin reception. A standard dosage of drug –    6 000 000-12 000 000 PIECES/days. The main remedy at a hay fever is doxycycline. Also doctors use gamma globulin. As there is a danger of development of renal pathologies, also saluretics are recommended to patients osmo-. The hemodialysis is appointed at emergence of symptoms of an acute renal failure.

For prevention it is regularly necessary to carry out vaccination of personnel of the livestock farms and the enterprises which are engaged in processing of meat and dairy products.