Myocardial dystrophy

Short characteristic of a disease

The myocardial dystrophy is a disease which breaks normal functioning of a myocardium and leads to dystrophy of a cardiac muscle. Danger of this pathology is in what it interferes with a normal metabolism. In the absence of treatment, the myocardial dystrophy at children and adults leads to a ciliary arrhythmia and the expressed heart failure, and in some situations – to development of chronic heart diseases, myocarditis and cardiomyopathies.

The factors promoting emergence of a myocardial dystrophy are divided into two groups – cardial and noncardiac. The heart diseases causing disturbances of exchange processes in a cardiac muscle concern to the first. In turn, the noncardiac reasons are connected with blood diseases, avitaminosis, intoxications, radiation and diseases of closed glands. Besides, the myocardial dystrophy of heart can be shown owing to professional vrednost, influence of physical factors (overheating, a thorax injury), an emotional and physical overstrain. Progressing of the above-stated reasons leads to disturbance of exchange processes in myocardium tissues. Zones of defeat can be both diffusion, and focal. At the same time within one cell pathology influences cellular structures differently that is the main distinctive feature of a myocardial dystrophy and simplifies its early diagnosis.

What occurs at a myocardial dystrophy?

Dystrophic process has 3 stages of development:

• the first stage – there are separate centers of adverse changes which lead to death of tissues of myocardium and increase in its sizes. Eventually the isolated centers merge in a single whole, creating expanded cardial cavities. At this stage the myocardial dystrophy will easily respond to treatment as initial disturbances of sokratitelny function of heart without problems are stopped by means of medicamentous drugs;
• the second stage – pathological process progresses, the zone of defeat extends to healthy fabrics. At the same time death of muscle cells is filled due to increase the volume of the unimpaired structures, however, dystrophic changes are still reversible due to normalization of muscle fibers and their intracellular recovery;
• the third stage – the started myocardial dystrophy – symptoms demonstrate development of heart failure and a ciliary arrhythmia which, in turn, cause irreversible changes of a myocardium and lead to serious complications in work of cardiovascular system.

Myocardial dystrophy – disease symptoms

In certain cases to define the right reason of development of pathology and prevents to appoint adequate treatment that circumstance that myocardial dystrophy signs often mask under symptoms of a basic disease. At patients are observed:

• increased fatigue at insignificant exercise stresses;
• asthma;
• moderate tachycardia;
• muting of cardiac sounds;
• pains in the left part of a thorax;
• at late stages of development – symptoms of heart failure.

The main task of doctors is in truly to interpret clinical symptoms of dystrophic process, having excluded development of cardiomyopathies, myocardites and coronary heart disease.

Myocardial dystrophy – treatment of a disease

Treatment of a myocardial dystrophy is based on elimination of the reason of pathology, that is that factor which caused dystrophic changes. In this case we speak about surgical and drug treatment of endocrine diseases, removal of the centers of persistent infections, prevention of intoxications, reduction of degree of negative impact of professional vrednost. Depending on that, the heart myocardial dystrophy how strongly progressed, treatment assumes either a temporary restriction of exercise stresses, or a high bed rest in especially hard cases.

Besides, the dishormonal myocardial dystrophy assumes observance of a rigid diet. The patient has to increase a share of the products containing a large amount of protein and vitamins in a diet. At the excess weight the caloric content of dishes is reduced, and at avitaminosis and dystrophy – increased.

The most important therapeutic direction of a myocardial dystrophy – correction of electrolytic disturbances. Intravenous administration of 1 g of potassium chloride or 10-15 mg of Pananginum divorced in 5% solution of glucose is shown to patients. If at the patient the easy myocardial dystrophy which symptoms are expressed poorly is observed, drugs of potassium can be appointed orally. At treatment of all forms of a myocardial dystrophy means which stimulate exchange processes of a myocardium are also used. Are among such means: group B vitamins, inosine, оротат potassium, anabolic steroids. If the myocardial dystrophy leads to emergence of symptoms of heart failure, cardiac glycosides are shown to patients.

Let's notice also that, regardless of a form and a stage, treatment of a myocardial dystrophy has to be complex. Events are held during a long period up to that time, electrolytic disturbances will not disappear yet and ECG indicators are not normalized. After an extract from hospital all former patients are subject to obligatory dispensary observation at the cardiologist. If necessary the doctor will define a complex of further medical actions and structure of rehabilitation procedures.

As for prevention of a disease, it it is directed to the timely prevention of those processes which lead to dystrophy of a cardiac muscle.

Myocardial dystrophy at children

At early age cardiac pathologies arise owing to rickets, a hypervitaminosis, chronic disturbances of food, bacterial diseases and viral infections. Besides, the myocardial dystrophy at children can develop because of a physical overstrain or, on the contrary, because of low physical activity of the child. As a rule, at early age symptoms of pathology it is expressed softly. For this reason you have to see immediately a doctor at the first suspicions of heart troubles. For diagnosis of a myocardial dystrophy standard events in such cases are held, namely: careful inspection by the cardiologist, electrocardiogram, ultrasonography of heart.