Overcooling

The human body is capable to sustain a lot of things, but there are borders for which it is undesirable to cross because of possible tragic effects. One of the factors provoking disturbance of life activity of the person is the low temperature of air. If for a long time the person is influenced by cold, at it overcooling of an organism at which body temperature goes down to critical figures can develop and there is a disturbance in work of all bodies and systems.

Children of younger age, the elderly, by force immobilized, physically exhausted, being in unconsciousness people are most subject to the general overcooling. Strong wind, high air humidity, overfatigue, the crude clothes which were traumatized alcoholic or drug intoxication aggravate disease.

Overcooling of legs and all organism can be received even when bathing in a cool reservoir, effects will depend on duration of stay in water of such temperature.

Overcooling signs

To distinguish not so difficult. First the person experiences inflow of forces, it is excessively excited, but at the same time cyanosis of a nasolabial triangle, blanching of integuments is noted. The patient is disturbed by a strong fever, an asthma, frequent pulse.

If in this period no medical events are held, excitement is replaced by apathy, slackness, block. The person loses ability to move, he is covered by weakness and drowsiness, the loss of consciousness is quite often observed. Non-rendering of the help when overcooling leads to the termination of cordial and respiratory activity therefore the person perishes.

Extents of overcooling

Depending on a condition of the patient distinguish three extents of overcooling:

1. Easy. Body temperature is reduced to 32-34 degrees. At the patient the fever, pale coloring of integuments, a bluish shade of lips and a nasolabial triangle, "goose-pimples" is observed, the person hardly can speak because of trembling of a mandible and lips. Arterial pressure at easy extent of overcooling remains within norm, sometimes slightly increases. The patient is capable to move independently. At this stage emergence of the centers of a frostbite 1-2 degrees is possible.

2. Average. There is a further decrease in body temperature, it can reach 29-32 degrees. Integuments get a cyanotic shade, to the touch become cold. The patient covers indifference to the events, apathy and drowsiness. At the general overcooling the condition of "catalepsy" at which the patient does not react to the turned speech and other external irritants is observed.

Arterial pressure decreases a little, noted delay of pulse, breath at the same time becomes more rare. Ability to independent movement is lost. The frostbite can be up to the fourth degree. Lack of the help when overcooling in an average stage leads to development of various complications, in certain cases by the death of the patient.

3. Heavy. Lower than 31 degrees fall the body temperature of the person, at the same time the loss of consciousness, delay of pulse to 30-35 beats per minute is observed. At the general overcooling integuments and mucous become the expressed cyanotic shade, puffiness of the person, lips, hands and feet appears. The patient faints, there are spasms, the state is made heavier by transition to a coma. Arterial pressure sharply decreases, breath becomes very rare. Frostbites in this stage of the general overcooling rather heavy. The person needs the emergency delivery of health care, otherwise it is waited by a lethal outcome.

First aid when overcooling

First-aid treatment when overcooling consists in the termination of impact of a cold factor on a human body. For this purpose the victim needs to be brought to the warm room or if it cannot be made, laid in the place protected from wind and rainfall. It is necessary to get rid of wet clothes at once, after that the patient should be turned in dry linen or a blanket. If overcooling of legs or the head is noted, it is enough to take off wet footwear and to dress something warm on the head.

If the person is in consciousness, it is necessary to allow to it to drink hot milk, a fruit drink, water or tea. At the general overcooling it is desirable to take a bath first with warm water, and then hotter, but it is not higher than 40 degrees. After hydrotherapeutic procedures of the victim stack in the warmed bed and lay over hot-water bottles or bottles with hot water. It is necessary to impose pure on frost-bitten sites, it is desirable sterile, bandages.

At the patient finding in unconsciousness it is necessary to control existence of breath and pulse. In the absence of those it is necessary to start an indirect cardiac massage and an artificial respiration immediately.

After first-aid treatment of the person, injured overcooling, it is necessary to take to hospital even if at first sight its satisfactory condition. Only the doctor can reveal some complications.

What cannot be done when overcooling

Not to do a bigger harm, it is impossible to give to sick coffee and alcoholic drinks. It is not recommended to place the person in hot water without preliminary warming. When overcooling it is forbidden to pound intensively integuments snow, oil, alcohol-containing liquids or just dry hands, and also to puncture the bubbles formed on site frostbites. For heating of the victim it is impossible to use naked flame. Use of these methods leads to sharp difference of temperatures that is fraught with damage of small capillaries, emergence of internal hemorrhages and other, not less heavy complications.

Overcooling prevention

- Children have to walk in rather spacious and picked-up for a season clothes. It is not recommended to tie a mouth and a nose a scarf not to subject face skin to influence of wet and cold air. Mittens and socks shall be dry. In frosty days the child needs to come each 15-20 minutes into the warm room to be warmed.

- Adults always need to use a scarf, a cap and mittens. It is impossible to come to a frost with crude hair.

- It is desirable to put on so that several thinner articles of clothing, than one, but dense and heavy were put on. The air layer saves from premature overcooling. Footwear also should not be close and wet.

- On a frost it is not recommended to smoke as the smoked cigarette leads to reduction of peripheral blood circulation.

- It is impossible to moisten with liquids or to grease with the moisturizing cream face skin before an exit to the street.

- During walk it is necessary to watch health vigilantly. At the first signs of overcooling it is necessary to come into the warm room.

The taken measures of prevention will allow if not to avoid overcooling absolutely then considerably to lower its negative impact on an organism.