Pollinosis

Hypersensitivity to pollen of trees, bushes and plants provokes development of such disease as a pollinosis or allergic seasonal rinokonjyunktivit. The name "hay fever" is distributed in the people though the disease has no relation to fever, and hay is not a releaser to start a disease.

Distinctive feature of a pollinosis is seasonality. Symptoms of a disease are shown only in a blooming period of certain species of plants from year to year. At a pollinosis there is a damage of mucous membranes of eyes and upper respiratory tracts as a result of sedimentation of pollen in them. Also at this disease impact on a nervous system and internals is made. Quite often there is a cross allergy when at intolerance of some foodstuff there are allergic reactions to pollen of related bushes and trees, or combined at which the pollinosis develops in response to implementation of several types of pollen.

In risk group there are preferential women aged from 25 up to 45 years. At children's age from a pollinosis boys most often suffer. Prevalence of a disease quite considerable. In spite of the fact that the pollinosis does not enter into group of diseases which exert impact on life expectancy, it can significantly reduce quality of life. Especially when the sensitization on dust joins already available allergic diseases like atopic dermatitis or bronchial asthma.

Types of a pollinosis and their symptoms

Very often the pollinosis is taken for ORZ, especially right at the beginning. Signs at these diseases are almost identical each other: dacryagogue, headache, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nose congestion, cold, sneezing and cough. But at the same time nevertheless it is possible to allocate a number of differences on the basis of which it is possible to suspect development of a pollen allergy, i.e. a pollinosis.

Most often the pollinosis is shown in the form of rhinitis and conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis and seasonal bronchial asthma meet a little less often:

- Seasonal rhinitis is characterized by plentiful watery allocations from a nose which tickling and an itch in a nose, a nose congestion, pristupoobrazny cough join. At children the pollinosis of this look can proceed in combination with noise and ear pain.

- At seasonal conjunctivitis puffiness and reddening of a mucous membrane of eyes, dacryagogue, feeling of an itch and "sand" is noted. As a rule, at true seasonal conjunctivitis a discharge from eyes of mucous character, purulent discharges appear only in case of entering of an infection.

- atopic dermatitis at a pollinosis is shown by rashes on open body parts. The disease proceeds various degrees of severity, from an insignificant small tortoiseshell to the strongest Quincke's disease of Quincke.

- attacks of suffocation are characteristic of seasonal bronchial asthma.

At defeats of a nervous system and internals the pollinosis can be followed by such diseases as a vulvitis, epileptopodobny attacks, arakhnoentsefalit.

All signs of a pollinosis disappear as plants, bushes and trees fade. In total the disease proceeds within 4-6 weeks, in hard cases – all spring - the summer period.

Treatment of a pollinosis

At a pollinosis treatment is directed to decrease in a sensitization of an organism. Antihistamines are for this purpose used, in case of their inefficiency or at a heavy current glucocorticosteroids are appointed. Means are at the same time applied to elimination of symptoms of a disease, both a local, and general meaning. It is not recommended to use for treatment at children of a pollinosis drugs which part leaves, kidneys, flowers, bark and roots of various plants, bushes and trees are.

During the acute period at a pollinosis it is necessary to keep to a diet strictly. Without fail honey and the cross reacting products have to be excluded from a diet. For example, at an allergy to cereals grain porridges, bakery products, pasta are as far as possible excluded. It is impossible to eat apples, a kiwi, nuts, plums, potatoes and some other products at a sensitization to pollen of an alder, a birch, apple-trees. Fruits of a citrus are not used at reaction to pollen of weeds.

In hard cases moving to other climatic zone is shown.

Prevention of a pollinosis

Prevention of a pollinosis has to be complex, including eliminative actions, a specific immunotherapy and observance of a diet.

Eliminative actions at tendency to a pollinosis consist in performance of a number of requirements for minimizing an adverse effect of pollen on an organism. For this purpose it is necessary to avoid visit of squares, parks and to that similar objects. The amount of the pollen coming to the room can be limited by means of a zaveshivaniye of open window leaves and windows to a gauze.

For prevention of development of atopic dermatitis it is desirable to put on clothes with long sleeves and trouser-legs. It is recommended to remove from the room bouquets from flowers and room bloomers.

One of the most effective methods in achievement of remission at a pollinosis is carrying out a specific immunotherapy. It consists in introduction to the patient's organism out of a phase of an aggravation of small doses of causal and significant allergens. With each injection the amount of the entered allergen increases, as a result of manipulations hypersensitivity decreases. Medical procedures are carried out only in specialized offices under observation of the specialist.

In a stage of remission it is possible to eat all products, but at the same time not to abuse them.