Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis is an infectious disease which is caused by different types of bacteria of the sort Salmonella. A salmonellosis differs in variety of clinical manifestations and can have both asymptomatic, and hardest septic forms. In most cases a salmonellosis at children and adults leads to defeat of bodies of a digestive tract which quite often are complicated by toxic and dehydrational shock.

At the moment researchers know more than 2000 serotypes of salmonellas. Generally sources of a salmonellosis are poultry and animals, however, the person also can act as the carrier. Most often a salmonellosis which symptoms are shown after the use of the infected food develops owing to the wrong culinary processing of food stuffs. Get into special risk group: meat of mammals and birds, fish, eggs, milk, cottage cheese, sour cream. It is possible to catch a salmonellosis and at the use of low-quality water from open reservoirs or a city water supply system.

At hit in an organism of a salmonella quickly break protective barriers of a stomach and are implemented into a mucous membrane of a small bowel. At the same time their activity is followed by intensive release of toxins which cause the main symptoms of salmonellosis.

Symptoms of a salmonellosis, form and clinical picture of a disease

The incubation interval of an infection fluctuates from several hours to 2-3 days. Development of intrahospital flashes when the disease is transmitted in the household way is possible. In this case symptoms of a salmonellosis are shown usually in 3-8 days. Briefly we will consider the main clinical forms of a disease of a salmonellosis.

The gastrointestinal form – is the most widespread and is diagnosed for 96-98% of the patients addressing to medical institutions with suspicion of salmonellosis. Effects of this type of an infection depend on disease severity and expressiveness of clinical symptoms of a salmonellosis which number treat:

• general sweet;
• headache;
• fervescence to 40 degrees and above;
• nausea, vomiting;
• pains in umbilical area;
• frustration of a chair.

The salmonellosis symptoms testimonial of changes from digestive tract, are shown in 2-3 days from the beginning of a disease. In the first days of the patient feels only small intoxication and fever. At an easy form of a salmonellosis symptoms are expressed quite poorly, and the patient practically does not feel unpleasant effects of an infection. Absolutely other picture is observed when a heavy gastrointestinal salmonellosis which treatment is carried out only in the conditions of a hospital develops. At such form of a salmonellosis patients suffer from:

• the high temperature and fever lasting more than 5 days;
• the expressed intoxication;
• fetid, watery chair (10 times a day and more), sometimes with slime impurity;
• skin cyanosis;
• considerable falling of the ABP;
• tachycardias;
• increases in a liver and spleen;
• changes from kidneys (an albuminuria, an oliguria, high content of nitrogen;
• acute renal failure.

In the absence of treatment a salmonellosis at children and adults leads to considerable disturbances of a water salt metabolism, dehydration of the II-III degree. In such state at patients spasms, a xeroderma, cyanosis, an aphonia are observed. Quite often loss of liquid reaches 10-12% of body weight that causes numerous disturbances in work of the main systems of an organism. The most frequent clinical option of a gastrointestinal form – a gastroenterichesky salmonellosis which effects are shown in the form of destructive changes of a large intestine and colitis.

The typhus-like form of a salmonellosis – begins sharply, is shown by intestinal frustration in the first days after the beginning of a disease, however, in several days intestinal dysfunctions pass. Nevertheless, temperature of the patient remains steadily high. Also at patients are observed: apathy, block, pallor of integuments, herpetic and rozeolezny rash. In certain cases a typhus-like salmonellosis leads to bradycardia, lowering of arterial pressure, muting of cardiac sounds. The symptoms of salmonellosis testimonial of damage of a liver and spleen are shown by the end of the 1st week.

Septic salmonellosis – symptoms of this form are expressed very strongly and pose hazard to life of the patient. The disease begins with severe fever, and further the condition of patients constantly worsens. At patients the following symptoms of salmonellosis are shown:

• plentiful sweating;
• considerable daily fluctuations of body temperature;
• strong fever;
• formation of suppurative focuses in a musculoskeletal system;
• endocarditises and aortites with the subsequent development of aneurism;
• tonsillitis, emergence of holetsisto-cholangites.

The septic form leads also to other serious effects: to meningitis (a salmonellosis at children most often is so shown), liver abscess, infection of ovaries, rump abscess. Diseases it is characterized by a long current and can end letalno therefore at any suspicions of salmonellosis, treatment it is necessary to begin as soon as possible after obligatory consultation with specialists of medical institutions.

Prevention and treatment of a salmonellosis

Hospitalization is shown to patients with severe and medium-weight forms of a salmonellosis. By it appoint calcium drugs (a lactate, a gluconate, glycerophosphate), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For removal of toxins patients have to accept drugs on the basis of cellulose and attapulgite, proteolytic enzymes, cytoprotectors. For destruction of activators antibiotics are used: nitrofuran means and quinolines - at an easy current; ftorkhinolona, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporins – at a heavy current.

For acceleration of treatment of a salmonellosis and achievement of the best results to patients are appointed: the rigid diet, courses of biological products, vitamin therapy knitting, enveloping and carminative drugs. Let's notice also that a salmonellosis which treatment was carried out correctly does not lead to serious consequences therefore at emergence of any unpleasant symptoms you have to see immediately a doctor for carrying out analyses and statement of the exact diagnosis.

Prevention of a salmonellosis is directed to the prevention of distribution of activators among domestic animals and birds, observance of the sanitary mode at catering establishments and the food industry, the correct thermal treatment of products before their consumption.