Spleen

The spleen represents the lymphoid body which is richly supplied with blood vessels. It is located in left hypochondrium. In this body there is very dense contact between blood and an adenoid tissue. It is resulted by blood enrichment by the leukocytes ripening in a spleen. In addition macrophages of a spleen purify blood of the become obsolete erythrocytes, foreign debris, causative organisms.

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Spleen structure

The spleen sizes at the adult make in width of 8 cm, in length of 10 - 12 cm, and its thickness does not exceed 4 cm. During process of digestion increase in a spleen is usually observed.

In a form the spleen reminds coffee grain. Color of its surface dark red, with a clear violet shade. In it allocate two edges – upper and lower and two ends – front and back. On the site of a spleen, adjacent to a stomach there is a furrow – gate through which nerves and blood vessels enter it.

Outside the spleen is covered not only a serous cover, but also the dense connective tissue capsule. This capsule gets also in body, dividing spleen tissue into small certain sites.

Functions of a spleen

Completely all functions of a spleen are still not studied. Now it is considered that it renders hormonal regulation of activity of marrow. On the first months of pregnancy the spleen is the main body of a hemopoiesis of a fruit. Last month pregnancies at a fruit marrow in which leukocytes of a granulyatsitarny row and erythrocytes begin to be formed ripens completely. From this time, in a spleen only monocytes and lymphocytes are formed. However at some diseases of blood in a spleen sites of a hemopoiesis start over again being formed.

At adults the spleen performs some more functions:

There is a destruction (phagocytosis) of the thrombocytes and erythrocytes which became obsolete the term, and also transformation of hemoglobin into hemosiderin and bilirubin. The iron which is contained in hemoglobin is laid in cells of a spleen which is the main depot of this element in a human body;
The spleen is one of the most important sources of the lymphocytes circulating in blood, especially at children, teenagers and persons of young age;
Produces antibodies and works as the filter catching foreign debris and microbic agents. Is well-known the fact that after removal of a spleen people become very susceptible to various bacterial infections;
Is some kind of tank of erythrocytes which come to the general blood stream in critical states.

Reasons of increase in a spleen

At a set of diseases increase in a spleen (splenomegaly) is observed. In addition the increased spleen is observed at 5% of absolutely healthy people. The splenomegaly very often develops against the background of autoimmune, infectious, hematologic and oncological diseases, and also at various damages of a liver.

Spleen diseases: treatment

Diseases of a spleen are observed very seldom. At fibrinferment of its vessels the spleen heart attack can develop. This state is followed by severe pains in the field of the left hypochondrium. In certain cases the nekrotizirovanny site begins to suppurate that leads to formation of abscess of a spleen. In a spleen cysts and other tumoral new growths can be also formed. At stupid injuries there can be bleeding from a spleen. Treatment of all these pathologies operational. During surgical intervention make removal of a spleen.

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