Syndrome of a dry eye

The syndrome of a dry eye is a disturbance of moistening of a cornea therefore it dries up and loses the functions. Normal an eye is constantly moistened, it is one of conditions of its normal functioning. At a lack of moisture the so-called syndrome of a dry eye having a number of characteristic signs, and also terrible effects develops.

It can develop as primary, independent disease, and can be one of symptoms of other disease, but what was the reason of a syndrome of a dry eye, it can lead to partial or full loss of sight and therefore requires attention, fixed to itself.

Mechanism of development of a syndrome of a dry eye

Moistening of an eye happens at the expense of the protective film which is available on an eye covering a cornea, and the produced lacrimal liquid which constantly moistens it. The protective film consists of three layers:

• The blanket - is formed by lipids, i.e. the fats protecting a film from moisture evaporation.
• The median layer - consists of the lacrimal liquid, its task food, protection of a cornea and a certain visual function as existence of this layer changes a svetoprelomleniye
• The mucous, or mutsinovy layer - densely adjoins to a cornea, protecting it and forming a basis for other two layers of a protective film.

In addition, a healthy eye constantly contains a small amount of the lacrimal liquid which when blinking washes it. The lacrimal liquid has complex structure, is produced by the whole group of glands, on 2 ml daily in a quiet emotional state, as we know, in case of emotional shocks production of the lacrimal liquid sharply increases. Except system of production of the lacrimal liquid, there is also a system of outflow of excess moisture from an eye. By means of the lacrimal channel excesses of tears flow down in a nasal cavity that becomes very noticeable when the person cries – it always has allocations from a nose. Also the system of outflow allows the lacrimal liquid to be updated and perform function of food of a cornea.

Reasons of a syndrome of a dry eye

Failure at any stage of development or outflow of the lacrimal liquid can lead to formation of a syndrome of a dry eye. It can be disturbance of a slezoobrazovaniye, poor quality of the formed film (for example, the thinned lipidic layer that leads to its drying), uneven distribution of a protective film on a cornea.

Various circumstances and diseases can be the cause of a syndrome of a dry eye.

Are the most frequent reasons of a syndrome of a dry eye:

• avitaminosis, especially disturbance of exchange of fat-soluble vitamins (A);
• diseases of hemadens, i.e. endocrine diseases;
• general diseases at which connecting fabric is surprised;
• hormonal failure, for example, in the course of approach of a menopause;
• some medicines including antihypertensives;
• disturbance of an operating mode with the computer. In this case the syndrome of a dry eye has several synonyms: eye office syndrome, computer visual syndrome, etc.
• bad ecological situation.

The age can also act if not as the reason of a syndrome of a dry eye, then as the factor promoting its development as the age group is more senior the cases are more often. Aged after 40 years about 30% of people are subject to a syndrome of a dry eye. As a result of smaller stability of a hormonal background and direct dependence of production of the lacrimal liquid on hormones, at women symptoms of a syndrome of a dry eye are shown more often than at men.

How to be if the xerophthalmus arose because of carrying lenses?

Development of a syndrome of "a dry eye" in most cases forces people to refuse comfort of carrying lenses in favor of points as the slightest symptoms of this disease are only aggravated with their carrying. But modern technologies do not stand still and to combine not the comfortable moments of work at office with carrying contact lenses – quite perhaps. Rather just to choose lenses which are made of material hyper gel. This material completely corresponds to moisture content of a cornea and imitates action of a natural lipidic layer of the lacrimal film. One-day lenses of Biotrue ONEday belong to one of such lenses. These lenses will suit all who use a contact method of correction of sight as they not only well pass oxygen, but also have the optimum moisture content equal to amount of moisture of a cornea of an eye of the person. The feeling of comfort in these lenses remains even if to carry them more than 16 hours, thanks to their unique ability to hold moisture that positively influences a condition of eyes by the end of day.

Symptoms of a syndrome of a dry eye

The following signs belong to symptoms of a syndrome of a dry eye:

• reddening of eyes, especially after the occupations demanding their tension;
• burning sensation and gripes in eyes;
• the raised slezootdeleniye that at first sight it seems paradoxical. Actually it is the compensatory mechanism started by an organism for elimination of dryness of a cornea;
• pain reaction on an instillation in eyes of drops of any structure, any irritants which even are not containing
• bad portability of wind, smoke, artificial atmosphere.

On extent of manifestation of symptoms of a syndrome of a dry eye allocate several clinical forms of a disease: easy, average, heavy and extremely heavy.

Diagnosis of a syndrome of a dry eye

Diagnosis of a syndrome of a dry eye is carried out in several directions: survey of a cornea with definition of the dry centers what the special painting solutions are applied to. Then products of the lacrimal liquid by means of special tests, and also its outflow are investigated. Conduct the full ophthalmologic examination including a laboratory research of composition of the lacrimal liquid. At suspicion on the fact that general or endocrine diseases could serve as the reason of a syndrome of a dry eye conduct respectively immunological and endocrinological examinations.

Treatment of a syndrome of a dry eye

Depending on the reason of a syndrome of a dry eye, treatment can be undertaken by one of following ways, or their combination:

• stimulation of production of the lacrimal liquid;
• preventing of outflow of the lacrimal liquid;
• artificial completion of the lacrimal liquid;
• decrease in evaporation of the lacrimal liquid.

Most efficiently treatments of a syndrome of a dry eye in his average and severe forms preventing of outflow of the lacrimal liquid is. It can achieve in two ways – surgical at which obturation of the lacrimal glands is made, simply speaking, their crossing therefore liquid does not come out in a nasal cavity, and orthopedic – production of the special obturator, the tiny "stopper" blocking the lacrimal channel. The second way is more preferable now at treatment of a syndrome of a dry eye as first, does not cause irreversible changes, secondly the present generation of silicone applied to production of the obturator does not cause allergic reactions and thirdly, an operative measure is not required.

In some cases, when no pathology comes to light, and drying of a cornea is a consequence of incorrectly organized work with the computer or books.

It is necessary to notice that even in the mild cases seeming insignificant surely it is necessary to carry out treatment of a syndrome of a dry eye, otherwise it can lead to a serious illness of a conjunctiva and cornea, and in the subsequent to sight loss.