Typhinia

Typhinia – an acute infectious disease. Activators of a typhinia are louses (an epidemic typhinia) or mites (a local typhinia). The disease with alternation of attacks of fever and the periods of remission proceeds.

It is possible to ache with a typhinia in all regions, except for Australia. The greatest probability to ache with typhus, and in its most severe forms – in Africa. So, in Sudan after World War I in ten years about 100 thousand people died of this disease.

The typhinia also is widespread in India, in the territory of Russia and in Balkan countries. The epidemic typhinia caused by acervate accommodation of people in insanitary conditions is more widespread in Iran, India, Southeast Asia. In the countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, South America a carrier of a typhinia are the louses of the sort Pediculus parasitizing on the person.

In the countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, North and Central America the tick-borne typhinia meets. A carrier of a typhinia are mites of the sort Ornithodorus.

What factors provoke a typhinia?

Sort Borrelia spirochetes belong to activators of a typhinia. The tick-borne typhinia is a zoonotic transmissible disease which activators are different types of borreliya: Century of caucasica, V. of latyschewii, V. of hispanica, V. of persica, V. duttonii.

In the biological, morphological properties these borreliya are similar to causative agents of epidemic typhus.

Typhinia carriers

Carriers of a tick-borne typhinia are ticks of the family Argas persicus, Argasidae who are reservoir owners of spirochetes. Besides, different types of rodents can be a tank of borreliya. Mites are infectious throughout the entire period of life (about 10 years). As a rule, infection of the person occurs owing to a sting of a tick. Most often it occurs in warm season during activation of life activity of mites.

Carriers of an epidemic typhinia are louses of P. humanus humanus (clothes), Pediculus humanus capitis (head) and Phtirius pubis (pubic). An epidemic typhinia only people can be ill.

Typhinia pathogeny

Borreliya at hit cells of lymphoid and macrophagic system where begin to breed are implemented into a human body and already in much bigger quantity come to blood. Under the influence of bactericidal properties of blood they begin to collapse partially with release of endotoxin which strikes the central nervous and circulatory system. Defeat of systems is followed by fever, and in a liver and a spleen there are necrosis centers. Borreliya, being late in capillaries of internals, break local blood supply owing to what the hemorrhagic heart attack develops.

The first period of a disease which is followed by fever comes to the end with development with an organism of antibodies to borreliya of the first generation. As a result the most part of borreliya perishes that is clinically expressed in approach of the period of remission. However a part of borreliya changes the antigenic properties and becomes steady against antibodies. They start over again breeding, and at hit in blood cause a new attack of fever. The antibodies which are formed against the second generation of borreliya also destroy most of them, but not all. It provokes a disease recurrence again. The absolute recovery comes only in that case when in blood there is a full range of the antibodies destroying all mutations of barrels. Thus after recovery of durable immunity to this disease does not arise as antibodies remain in an organism short time.

Typhinia symptoms

The first attack of a typhinia begins suddenly. The patient feels a short-term fever which is replaced by temperature increase. There is a headache, muscle and joints pain, vomiting, nausea. Temperature quickly rises, skin becomes dry, pulse becomes frequent, there is a delirium. The peak of an attack is followed by emergence of an enanthesis, development of jaundice and increase in a liver and spleen. During fever pneumonia or bronchitis can develop, signs of damage of heart are noted. The first attack lasts 2-6 days. Then there comes the remission period, the health of the patient improves. But in several days the second attack of a disease having similar symptoms develops.

Several similar attacks which, as a rule, come to an end with an absolute recovery and approach of temporary immunity to a disease are characteristic of an epidemic typhinia. Of a tick-borne typhinia it is characteristic four and even more similar attacks which, however, have easier symptomatology and proceed less. But, sometimes, that the second attack proceeds much more hard, than the first.

The typhinia is fraught with development of complications: uveites, meningitis, synovites, rupture of a spleen, iridocyclites, irites.

Diagnosis of a typhinia

Diagnosis of a disease is based on the epidemiological data and clinical manifestations. The importance in diagnosis of a typhinia plays a research of peripheral blood. During an attack in blood of the patient it is quite easy to find the activator.

Treatment of a typhinia

Treatment of an epidemic typhinia consists in use of antibiotics (levomycetinum, penicillin, chlortetracyclin), and also arsenic drugs (Novarsenolum).

For treatment of a local typhinia use antibiotics of tetracycline group, ampicillin, levomycetinum.

Prevention of a typhinia

Prevention of a disease comes down to fight against activators. It is necessary to avoid contact with nitty patients. Now in our country and in some other countries epidemic typhus is quite rare disease.

Prevention of a local typhinia consists in protection of people against contact with mites, and also in extermination of rodents and other carriers in the natural centers.