Aphasia

Aphasia – system disturbance which is characterized by loss of ability to say that it is the result of damage of speech zones of a brain.

Aphasia forms: reasons and displays of a disease

According to A. R. Luriya's classification it is possible to allocate various forms of aphasia:

• Efferent motor aphasia (differently Brock's aphasia – by name the doctor who described disease symptoms) arises against the background of damage of lower parts of premotorny bark of the left parencephalon. Motor aphasia is characterized by cable style of statements (disintegration of grammar), and also difficulties in switching from one word or the phrase to another. One more characteristic of display of motor aphasia are disturbances of the letter and reading;
• The impossibility of creation of the internal program of the statement (disintegration of the internal speech) is characteristic of display of dynamic aphasia. This frustration causes damage to prefrontal area of the left hemisphere;
• Defeat of cortical department of the acoustic analyzer is the cornerstone of touch aphasia (differently Vernike's aphasia). At touch aphasia of the patient loses ability to interpret the heard speech;
• Leads defeat of parietal and back and central regions of bark to development of afferent motor aphasia. At the same time patients with aphasia experience difficulties because of impossibility to distinguish relatives on an articulation sounds because of incorrectly picked up articulation poses that leads to mixing artikuly in group;
• Optiko-mnestichesky aphasia is characterized by weakness of visual objects of words and disturbance of visual memory. Patients with aphasia experience difficulty in naming of words;
• Akustiko-mnestichesky aphasia is caused by narrowing of volume of slukhorechevy memory and disturbance of volume of deduction of slukhorechevy information;
• Anamnestic aphasia cause damages to parietotemporal area, and the main difficulty consists in naming of familiar objects;
• Semantic aphasia is characterized by defects of simultaneous synthesis and the analysis of the speech, and also disturbance of understanding of difficult logical-grammatical designs which describe the space relations.

Simply classification of forms of aphasia can be reduced to:

• Motor when sick aphasia understands the speech, but cannot speak;
• Touch when the patient does not understand sense of words, but can pronounce phrases and words.

The common distinctive feature of patients with aphasia is poverty of the speech in which they extremely seldom use adverbs, adjectives, descriptive locutions, and also they practically do not use a saying and a proverb.

Reasons of development of aphasia

Are the main reasons for developing of aphasia:

• Brain injuries;
• Stroke;
• Dementia;
• Infectious diseases of a brain;
• Brain tumors.

Diagnosis of aphasia

For detection of motor and touch aphasia use studying of an oral and written language. Diagnostic methods include studying:

• Abilities of the reading and understanding read;
• Informal conversation, the story, repetition and the automatic speech including months, numbers, verses;
• Understanding of oral speech;
• Written language, the including writing off, a dictation and retelling;
• Grammatical system, wealth or poverty of the speech.

Also one of important diagnostic factors is desire of the patient with aphasia to speak.

Treatment of aphasia

Treatment of a disease, and also recovery of the speech at aphasia consists in therapy of a basic disease which led to these disturbances.

In cases when the injury or a stroke was the cause of deterioration in the speech, doctors-logopedists help with recovery. As a rule, similar treatment begins after stabilization of a physical condition of the person.

Sometimes the complete recovery of the speech at aphasia is observed even without treatment that is characteristic of the states caused by short-term disturbance of inflow of blood to a brain.