Genetic analysis

The genetic analysis represents set of various experiences, calculations and observations which purpose is to define ancestral features and to study properties of genes. The analysis on genetic compatibility and the analysis on genetic diseases of the doctor is recommended to pass to women at a stage of planning of a family. Thus, it is possible to predict health of future child in advance, to reveal possible hereditary diseases and to find pathology problem solutions. As a rule, in practice, women carry out the genetic analysis at the pregnancy which already occurred thanks to what the reason of not incubation of a fruit and inborn defects of its development is established.

Indications for carrying out the genetic analysis at pregnancy

The genetic analysis at pregnancy needs to be carried out in the following cases:

• At the age of the woman more than 35 years;
• If in a family of mother and father of future child hereditary (genetic) diseases took place;
• The previous child was born with inborn malformations;
• When during conception and pregnancy the woman was influenced by harmful factors (X-ray, radiation, drugs, alcohol, reception of some medicines);
• If during pregnancy future mother had an acute viral infection (a SARS, flu, toxoplasmosis, a rubella);
• If in the past the woman had abortions or mortinatus babies;
• All pregnant women entering into risk group on the basis of data of ultrasonography and biochemical analysis of blood.

The gynecologist watching pregnancy will surely appoint to the woman the analysis to genetic compatibility and the analysis on genetic diseases if it concerns so-called risk group. The age is more senior than 35 years when the risk of development of mutations and malformations of a fruit sharply increases. To avoid the unpleasant effects of late pregnancy and other risk factors which are listed above the woman needs to carry out the analysis on genetic compatibility and the analysis on genetic diseases.

For what the genetic analysis is carried out

The main directions of carrying out laboratory researches on the basis of methods of the genetic analysis is the following:

1. The analysis on genetic compatibility defining paternity, motherhood and other consanguineous relation;

2. Detection of genetic predisposition to widespread diseases;

3. Identification of infectious activators;

4. Formation of the genetic passport of the personality.

The analysis on genetic compatibility still is called the analysis of DNA or paternity test. For its carrying out medical indications are not required, and the analysis on genetic compatibility privately, at the request of parents is carried out. Often this type of a research is applied at stains, the section of property and other lawsuits. It is possible to establish degree of relationship of the child and till the birth, during pregnancy.

The analysis on genetic diseases yields 100% result and can reveal predisposition of the child to the following potential problems with health:

• Myocardial infarction;
• Arterial hypertension;
• Fibrinferments;
• Osteoporosis;
• Digestive tract diseases;
• Bronchopulmonary pathologies;
• Diabetes mellitus;
• Diseases of a thyroid gland.

In time having made the genetic analysis at pregnancy, and, having revealed disturbances, it is possible to influence safe incubation of a fruit and to correct health of future child.

All know that there are infections which cannot be revealed by means of the traditional forms of diagnosis which are standardly applied in the course of observation of pregnancy. Methods of the genetic analysis allow to find as fast as possible DNA of infectious activators in an organism, to classify them, to control their behavior and to pick up correct treatment. So, having made the analysis on genetic diseases, it is possible to reveal such widespread pathologies as a Down syndrome, Edwards, etc.

The conclusion of the expert-geneticist creates the genetic passport of the personality by means of methods of the genetic analysis. It is a peculiar form of the combined analysis of DNA where data and its profile, originality of the person contain. These data can give to the person invaluable help throughout life, at various problems with health.

Methods of the genetic analysis

Traditional (noninvasive) methods of the genetic analysis are:

1. ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

2. Biochemical analysis of blood.

Ultrasonography of a fruit as method of the genetic analysis at pregnancy, is carried out on the term of 10 - 14 weeks. On this term it is possible to reveal pathology at the kid. Blood test (biochemistry) begin to do on earlier duration of gestation, it helps to reveal chromosomal and hereditary (genetic) pathology if it takes place. In the presence of suspicions, after the carried-out earlier genetic analysis at pregnancy, later, on term 20 – 24 weeks, do repeated ultrasonography of a fruit. This method of the genetic analysis allows to define small defects in fetation.

If suspicions are confirmed, to the woman appoint invasive methods of the genetic analysis:

• Amniocentesis (research of amniotic waters);
• Chorion biopsy (research of the cells which are a basis of formation of a placenta);
• Platsentotsentez (the procedure for identification of effects after the postponed infection during pregnancy);
• Kordotsentez (research of umbilical blood).

Timely carrying out the analysis on genetic compatibility and the analysis on genetic diseases allows to reveal about 400 types of pathologies from 5000 possible.

As the genetic analysis at pregnancy is carried out

The main methods of the genetic analysis, by means of ultrasonography of a fruit and biochemical analysis of blood, - absolutely safe and harmless ways, both for mother, and for the child. Ultrasonography is carried out through a stomach of the pregnant woman, by means of the special device. Much more rare, apply transvaginal ultrasonography (the device is entered into the woman's vagina). Biochemical analysis is carried out, using blood patients which fence is made from a vein.

At invasive methods of the genetic analysis there is implementation in the woman's organism. So, when performing amniocentesis, a special needle the uterus is punctured and the intake of amniotic liquid (amniotic waters) is made of it. At the same time constant control by means of ultrasonography is exercised. Understand a puncture in an abdominal cavity of the woman for an intake of the material containing cells (a placenta basis), necessary for a research, as a biopsy of chorion. Sometimes, for this analysis, use contents of a neck of uterus. Platsentotsentez is carried out, usually, in the second trimester of pregnancy, under the general anesthesia as this procedure is considered serious operation. Kordotsentez — a method of the genetic analysis at pregnancy, not earlier than 18 weeks. Blood from an umbilical cord gets by means of a puncture, through a cavity of the uterus of the woman. At the same time also do anesthesia.