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Hypercalcemia

The hypercalcemia is the disease connected with the increase in concentration of calcium in blood reaching the level more than 1,2-1,5 mmol/l of the ionized calcium and more than 3 mmol/l of the general calcium. Гиперкальциемия - повышенное содержание кальция в крови

Reasons and symptoms of a hypercalcemia

Pathological processes which negatively influence an organism are the reasons of a hypercalcemia, increasing the content of calcium in blood. In some cases the disease is caused by medicines for treatment of a thyroid gland, Burnett's syndrome and malignant new growths. Also diuretics which were accepted systemically for a long time can be the cause of a hypercalcemia.

During the medical researches it was established that this disease arises more often at patients who received medical treatment in a hospital for tiazidama drugs.

If the hypercalcemia has no the expressed symptomatology, then it is confirmed with biochemical researches and clinical inspection.

At the first stage of a disease of symptoms it is not observed, and at further development symptoms from a nervous system, digestive organs and cardiovascular system are shown.

It is possible to carry to the main symptoms of a hypercalcemia:

from system of digestion – nausea, vomiting, anorexia, a hyperoxemia, a lock;
from the central nervous system – dizziness, a headache, increased fatigue, drowsiness, coordination loss, confusion of consciousness, a stupor, a coma, psychosis;
from a musculoskeletal system – a mialgiya, neuralgia, an arthralgia, weakness, muscular spasms;
from cardiovascular system – a hypertension, heartbeat, arrhythmia, tachycardia.

Medicines, hereditary factors, Pedzhet's disease, excess of vitamin D, malignant tumors and endocrine disturbances can provoke a hypercalcemia.

At an acute hypercalcemia strong weakness, nausea, sharp differences of arterial pressure, block, loss of orientation in space, a stupor and a collapse is observed.

If the disease is not revealed in time and the corresponding treatment is not appointed, then there is a development of an urolithiasis, uric syndrome and pyelonephritis.

Diagnosis of a disease

For identification of a hypercalcemia conduct a number of diagnostic testings, including blood test, the analysis of urine, PTH measurement, a neck ultrasonografiya, an immunoelectrophoresis, a puncture of marrow and radiological inspection of a skeleton.

The analyzed laboratory and chemical results allow to establish the exact diagnosis and to define hypercalcemia degree.

If this disease is followed by development of malignant tumors, then appoint performing full clinical trial with the program of search including a stomach sonografiya, a stsintigrafiya, the roentgenogram and other radiological researches of a skeleton. Пункция костного мозга - одно из диагностических исследований гиперкальциемии

Treatment of a hypercalcemia

Treatment of a hypercalcemia has to begin with elimination of causes of illness, including, malignant new growths, the termination of reception of vitamins and reduction of sources of excess intake of calcium in an organism.

Important stage of treatment is recovery of level of extracellular liquid and correction of composition of electrolytes in a blood plasma.

The attending physician can appoint reception of the phosphates reducing the content of calcium, and inhibitors of synthesis of prostaglandins.

The course of treatment of a hypercalcemia can consist of the fixed and additional medicines to which hormonal, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs belong.

If necessary treatment can have the combined character, and also through a certain interval it is repeated or supplemented with special inhibitors.

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