Chronic glomerulonephritis

Short characteristic of a disease

The chronic glomerulonephritis is the bilateral allergic disease of kidneys having infectious character. In process of a disease there is a defeat of nephrons – the renal structures filtering urine. The chronic glomerulonephritis which symptoms most often prove owing to progressing of an acute form of a disease can also develop and as primary chronic process. The mechanism of defeat of renal fabrics is up to the end not studied, but the fact that lack of adequate treatment is the main reason for numerous complications does not raise doubts.

Forms of a chronic glomerulonephritis:

Now allocate 4 forms of a glomerulonephritis:

• latent – presence of protein at urine, short-term increases in arterial pressure;
• hypertensive – constantly increased arterial pressure;
• nephrotic – a protein significant amount in urine, hypostases of extremities. The chronic glomerulonephritis of this form most often occurs at children;
• mixed – is characterized by a combination of signs of two and more forms.

Chronic glomerulonephritis – symptoms and a clinical picture

Hypostases of extremities, hamaturia, arterial hypertension – here the main symptoms which are proved by a glomerulonephritis. Treatment of a chronic form and symptomatology of a disease something are similar to an acute form, however have also the distinctive features. In particular, the research of urine reveals considerable decrease in its density, and as a part of liquid find specific educations – granular cylinders. Among characteristic symptoms of a disease it is possible to note bystry fatigue, the increased arterial pressure, an asthma at insignificant exercise stresses and a cardiopalmus. At a nephrotic glomerulonephritis arterial pressure does not exceed norm, however puffiness is expressed much stronger.

In process of gradual dying off of fabrics at the patient the renal eclampsia which is expressed in vomiting, headaches, spasms and a loss of consciousness develops. The chronic glomerulonephritis which treatment is carried out with disturbances or at all is absent, provokes emergence of uraemia. This disease is connected with pollution of a human body nitrogenous slags which are not removed with urine because of disturbances in work of kidneys in time.

At heavy stages of a disease the condition of patients worsens. The chronic glomerulonephritis leads to muscular twitchings, periodic losses of consciousness, dryness of language. Besides, from the person, especially from a mouth, the persistent smell of urine as urea begins to be emitted through a time of a body and a mucous membrane of language is caught. In some cases uraemia lowers visual acuity and affects TsNS that, in turn, is expressed in drowsiness of the person and nervous attacks.

Chronic glomerulonephritis – treatment of a disease

The basic principles of treatment of a chronic form almost completely repeat a complex of the actions shown at an acute form. To the patient appoint a rigid diet and a bed rest. At rest the person has to be not less than 10-12 hours a day. For prevention of spread of a disease it is necessary to exclude overcooling of a body, to put on and take care of purchase of warm, waterproof footwear more warmly. At a chronic glomerulonephritis any exercise stresses are excluded.

The diet is based on restriction of amount of the table salt coming to an organism, reception of vitamins and temporary refusal of the food rich with protein. In case of the increased arterial pressure to the patient appoint reception of antihypertensives, and also corticosteroids in combination with hypothiazid and lasixum. During bad attacks of disorder of kidneys it is admissible to use bloodletting from a vein (no more than 500 ml of blood). Such patients have to be under vigilant control of doctors for prevention of new attacks.

At uraemia the bed rest and the food containing the minimum quantity of proteins are besides shown to the patient. It is better to use food stuffs, carbohydrate-rich. As for the drinking mode. If the chronic glomerulonephritis did not lead to considerable disturbance of functions of kidneys, it is useful for patient to give the sweetened water with a lemon, weak tea from a red root, blackcurrant juice. The positive impact on process of treatment will be made also by table salt as with vomiting of the patient loses a large amount of sodium chloride.

As at uraemia urea is emitted through skin, it is necessary to look after an integument constantly. Also precautionary measures against formation of decubituses are taken.