Language

Language is the muscular body in an oral cavity participating in hashing of food, swallowing, formation of sounds of the speech. In language the flavoring nipples allowing to distinguish taste of food are located.

Language structure

In language allocate a body and a root. The edge differentiates upper and lower surfaces of language. At the heart of body – cross полосатыемышечные the fibers covered from above with a mucous membrane. Own muscles of language:

• Vertical;
• Cross;
• Longitudinal.

Pair skeletal muscles (a pricker - lingual, genioglossal, hypoglossal and lingual) carry out the movements of language and fix it.

The language body from a root is separated by a groove on the upper surface consisting of 2 half meeting at an obtuse angle. From below from it to a bottom of an oral cavity there is a fold of a mucous membrane – a bridle.

On a back and at the edges of language the mucous membrane has many nipples which are an organ of taste and touch. In a form distinguish nipples:

• Fungoid;
• Threadlike;
• Conic;
• Leaflike;
• Surrounded with shaft.

The fungoid, leaflike and surrounded with shaft nipples contain flavoring receptors, and conic and threadlike are responsible for painful, temperature and tactile sensitivity.

In mucous a root of language there are a lot of lymphoid follicles combined under the name of a lingual almond. Between muscle fibers of language and under his mucous membrane small sialadens are located.

Functions of language

Language performs a number of important functions:

• At children on breastfeeding participates in the act of suction;
• Defines taste, a consistence and temperature of food;
• Promotes hashing of food, formation of a food lump;
• Participates in production of saliva and a proglatyvaniya of food;
• The lingual almond is responsible for local immunity;
• Participates in formation of sounds of the speech, some characteristics of a voice depend on it.

Methods of inspection of language

It is a little methods of inspection of language – generally it is complaints and external survey. Begin studying of work with collecting complaints. Defeat of language is possible at suffering of all organism from dehydration, poisonings, at digestive tract pathology (a peptic ulcer, a gastroenteritis), cardiovascular (a stroke, heart failure), the central and peripheral nervous system (paralyzes). The patient can complain of paresthesias, decrease in mobility or pain in language.

At survey pay attention to a condition of a mucous cover – its humidity, color, existence of damages or rashes, erosion, the hyperkeratosis centers, expressiveness of nipples, degree of mobility of language, existence of prints of teeth on it.

The plaque of different color and degree of manifestation can be always on the lips. The white fur in its average third with cracks of the different size most likely testifies to a gastrointestinal tract disease (a gastroenteritis, an ulcer). If the plaque is found at the edges of language on its front third, then most likely the person has a chronic pathology of respiratory system (bronchitis, emphysema). The white fur on all its surface often is a symptom of defeat of the language – candidosis stomatitis. The plaque has white curdled character, easily is removed, and under it the bright red erosive surface is bared.

The yellow fur can speak about defeat of the alimentary system, in particular a pancreas, a liver and biliary tract. Such coloring to it is given by decomposition products or bilirubin. The yellow fur occurs also at the healthy people using a lot of tea, coffee or smokers. In this case teeth, their especially back surface turned to language also are painted in yellow color.

The brown fur happens at a chronic alcohol abuse. Greenish color gets a plaque at reception of some antibiotics, steroids and other drugs oppressing work of immune system. The gray plaque speaks about the ulcer nature of damage of a GIT.

Language diseases

Painful feelings in language without visible outside changes are called a glossodynia. It is followed also by a pricking, burning, tingling in language, dryness of a mucous membrane. Glossagiya is connected with endocrine, hormonal shifts, nervous breakdowns. The disease will quite difficult respond to treatment.

Pains in language can be a consequence of a glossitis – inflammations of language of the virus or bacterial nature, and also the mechanical or thermal reasons. Language then changes the color to bright red, becomes soft and swelled up, difficulties at a conversation and meal appear.

Severe pains under language – one of symptoms of salivary colic when stones from sialadens get in salivary a channel. Output openings of salivary channels on both parties of a bridle swell up a little a little. At palpation under language the center of an inflammation or salivary a stone to a pea is defined by the size a finger. Also pains under language arise at injuries of a mucous membrane, stomatitis with localization at the bottom of language.