Caries dentium - a disease of millions

Caries – destruction of teeth which has the localized and progressing character. Caries begins organic acids of an inorganic basis of an adamantine substance of tooth with destruction. Demineralization process is inevitably followed by organic destruction of tooth with the subsequent formation of a cavity and infection. More than 95% of people long caries in this or that stage for statistical data.

The susceptibility of a tooth surface to caries depends on a large number of factors:

• geneticists, i.e. heredities;
• the general state of health;
• preventive and hygienic actions of an oral cavity;
• healthy, balanced nutrition;
• anatomic features of a tooth surface. In intervals and deepenings of teeth favorable conditions for education and fixing of a plaque are created;
• saturations of enamel of teeth fluorine. Normal indicators of maintenance of this element does an adamantine substance of tooth steadier against influence of acids;
• quantities and quality of saliva, its buffer properties on acid neutralization.

Main reasons for caries of teeth

Stomatologists of the whole world allocate the following reasons of caries:

• Unsatisfactory hygienic condition of an oral cavity;
• Weakening of immune system of an organism in general and existence of chronic diseases of an organism. The infectious diseases (tuberculosis or rickets) postponed in the childhood which broke process of formation of tooth fabrics;
• Genetic predisposition of the person to caries. She in many respects explains caries at children;
• The drinking water containing the lowered or increased content of phosphorus, fluorine, calcium, etc.
• Diet. The lack of vitamins and minerals, lack of norm in the ratio of proteins and carbohydrates, decrease in a diet of products of a natural origin, abundance of food with the high content of sugar, etc. provoke emergence of this disease;
• Geographical features of the area and social factors (for example, work on harmful productions).

The reasons of caries of teeth do not influence one by one an onset of the illness and development of caries. It is system process which consists of a set of factors.

Caries stages

Caries as the progressing disease, has several stages of development. Let's shortly consider the main stages of caries:

• Initial – macula cariosa (a spot stage) when demineralization begins with the fact that natural gloss of an adamantine substance of tooth leaves and appear gray or light--, dark brown specks. Caries, as a rule, passes in this stage asymptomatically.
• Superficial (caries superficialis) and average (caries media) caries can be combined in one stage of which emergence of destructive changes of an adamantine substance of tooth on places of spots is characteristic. The main symptom of a disease at this stage – developing of short-term pains on temperature and chemical irritants (cold, hot, acid, salty). At the same time, the cavity (defect) with only that difference is formed that at superficial caries – in enamel, and at an average already in tooth tissue (dentine).
• caries profunda stage – deep caries – is characterized by existence of a deep carious cavity, painful feelings at temperature, mechanical and chemical influences. In some cases there are signs of an inflammation of a neurovascular bunch (pulpitis).

It is possible to carry cervical caries to a special kind of caries – the name corresponds to the place of developing of caries on tooth, in a tooth neck at the gingiva. Cervical caries arises and develops in this place of tooth thanks to a weak layer of enamel in a neck and inaccessibility of this place at the procedure of care of teeth.

Process of developing of caries takes place slowly therefore it is visually easy for adult to find it and in order that development of caries had no continuation, it is necessary to address the stomatologist at once. Caries at children arises with the same symptoms, as at adults therefore parents are obliged to check periodically dental health of the kid (even milk), and at emergence of the first visible symptoms of caries of a message of the child to the doctor. In this case development of caries in the child will be stopped.

Diagnosis of caries

Diagnosis of caries is possible only if you regularly visit the stomatologist. Deep caries is diagnosed without difficulties – visually. Diagnosis of caries at early stages is made by means of roentgenograms and a thermodiagnostic.

Diagnosis of initial caries is carried out by the transluminescences method, i.e. tooth raying from a reverse side a strong ray of light. Early diagnosis of caries allows the doctor to carry out treatment in time and to stop development of caries.

Treatment of caries

At an initial stage treatment of caries is carried out by method of remineralizing therapy (application) with preliminary cleaning of tooth of a plaque.

Treatment of caries of superficial, average and deep stages is carried out by method of removal of the struck fabric. Then sealing of a carious cavity is made. It is necessary to remember that earlier treatment of caries sealing allows to keep tooth in a healthy state longer.

If not to carry out treatment of caries in time, then caries can get more severe form, for example, to pass into periodontitis or a pulpitis, with the subsequent loss of tooth.

Prevention of caries

Prevention of caries much more reduces risk of developing of a disease. Especially important to parents to control holding preventive actions. Caries at children, especially small age is "merit" of parents who did not react to visible changes of teeth or to complaints of the child in time.

Enters preventive actions:

• Hygienic prevention of caries is a care of all oral cavity, use of fluorinated pastes, use of solutions or pastes with hlorgeksidiny, the xylitol use (chewing gums);
• Medical prevention is the general improvement of an organism, elimination of deformations of teeth, holding certain actions, for example, sealing (closing) of fissures and blind "poles" in which the plaque can be formed;
• Systematic visit of the stomatologist.