Неонатолог

Неонатолог – the children's doctor working in departments for premature and newborn children in medical hospitals and maternity homes.

Work of the doctor of a neonatolog very thin and responsible as he is engaged in the least children – since the birth and till 28 in the afternoon life. In this period it is necessary to reveal those diseases which can pass afterwards into chronic forms and even to make of the disabled person's person. Therefore doctors of a neonatology try to inspect babies carefully.

In spite of the fact that неонатолог is engaged only in babies, he is a general practitioner as by the nature of activity it faces the most various diseases of systems and bodies. In addition, doctor неонатолог still diagnostician and obstetrician.

What diseases are in competence of a neonatolog?

• Intertrigo;
• Vomiting;
• Umbilical hernia, wild meat, bleedings from a navel;
• Jaundice of newborns;
• Children's cholera;
• Diarrhea;
• Bronchitis;
• Short bridle of language;
• Lock;
• Blennorey at newborns (a purulent inflammation of eyes);
• Milkwoman;
• Rashes at babies;
• Hypothyroidism (reduced function of a thyroid gland);
• Fenilketonuriya (inborn disbolism).

What bodies are checked by the doctor неонатолог?

• Lungs and heart. By means of a phonendoscope неонатолог listens to lungs of the child and determines the frequency of his breath, rhythm and cardiac sounds;
• Head. On consultation неонатолог determines the size of a fontanel of the little patient, probes (palpates) bones of a skull and defines whether there is no hypostasis (a patrimonial tumor);
• Neck. Неонатолог probes clavicles as it is necessary to be convinced that they at the time of delivery were not damaged. Also the doctor palpates грудино - clavicular and mastoidal muscles as at a muscular wryneck the muscle can be shortened;
• Generative organs. At boys the doctor неонатолог probes testicles and checks whether they fell to a scrotum. At girls the doctor examines big vulvar lips which have to cover small;
• Tummy. Неонатолог without fail probes a tummy at the newborn and checks the sizes of a spleen and liver. On consultation неонатолог is interested at mother whether the child had a chair. In the first days at the child meconium (first-born kcal), viscous and dense, olive or dark green color departs.

In addition, the doctor неонатолог checks a muscle tone of the baby. As a rule, at babies the physiological hyper tone of muscles is observed that causes a pose of the kid: handles are bent and pressed to sides, the head is inclined to a breast, brushes are compressed in cams, legs are bent in hip joints and knees. The doctor defines a tone of muscles, bending and unbending handles and the child's legs.

Legs in hip joints have to get divorced easily, and folds standing have to be symmetric. If legs get divorced hard, неонатолог can suspect a dysplasia of joints.

Also неонатолог on survey estimates the main reflexes.

When mother has to address for consultation a neonatolog?

• When at the newborn bleeding from a navel, umbilical hernia, wild meat is observed. If blood from an umbilical cord appears during the first hours after the delivery, it testifies to badly tied up umbilical cord. Usually similar bleeding has no long character. Sometimes, that blood is shown for 3-5 days after the birth, during falling away of an umbilical piece. Sometimes after falling away of an umbilical cut in a navel it is possible to see the piece of red meat sitting on a thin leg. This phenomenon is called wild meat. In such cases it is necessary to address a neonatolog.
• If the newborn has a hernia which often results from badly tied up umbilical cord or from strong shout of the child and GAZ cars.
• If at the child the intertrigo is observed. Its most frequent localization – in buttocks, generative organs, the lower part of a stomach, behind ears, in axillary and inguinal areas, skin folds. Distinguish three degrees of an intertrigo: easy degree when moderate erubescence without integrity disturbance, average degree when the bright redness with visible erosion, and heavy degree when the becoming wet redness of integuments with formation of sores is noticeable is observed is observed. The intertrigo easily is exposed to infection therefore you should not tighten, and it is necessary to address for consultation a neonatolog.

What tests will ask to make неонатолог?

• The analysis on a Rhesus factor;
• The analysis on a blood group;
• Neonatal screening.

In maternity hospital неонатолог surely takes a blood sample which applies on a special test strip from newborns. Test strips investigate in laboratory on VG and FKU. If there is a suspicion of any disease, parents receive the urgent notice to appeal to an endocrinological clinic (VG) or medicogenetic consultation (FKU) for a repeated research. At final confirmation of the diagnosis it is necessary to appoint the corresponding treatment immediately.

If at the kid no pathologies are revealed, parents are not informed, as a rule.

Councils of a neonatolog

Since the birth the kid has to have following reflexes:

• Prehensile – if to enclose a finger in a palm of the baby, it will strong squeeze it. Sometimes even he can grab so strongly a finger that the child can be raised slightly;
• Search – if to begin to stroke the child in the field of a mouth corner, then it will turn the head towards an irritant;
• Reflex of automatic gait – if baby to take armpits and to put on a plain surface, then it will raise a leg as though is going to take a step;
• Hobotkovy – if to touch by a finger of lips of the kid, it will extend them a tubule;
• Crawling reflex – if child to put on a tummy and to put palms to its feet, he will begin to make a start and try to creep;
• Babinski's reflex – if slightly to tickle to the snout of the child, it will begin to unbend and move apart toes.

After passing of consultation at a neonatolog the children's nurse will tell young mother how to look after an umbilical cord and skin how to wash away and wash the kid as it is correct to dress it and to put to a breast.