Retina amotio

Amotio of a retina is the most terrible disease of an eye capable in rather short time to lead to full loss of sight. Statistically, 72% of all cases of approach of a blindness arise thanks to retina amotio.

Retina call the cover covering an eye from within and consisting of several layers of visual cells which are the main link in the mechanism of perception of the image and its transfer to a brain. This cover is densely connected to an eye choroid, and nestles on it a vitreous.

In certain cases there is a pathological process as a result of which in one or several sites there is a retina separation from a choroid. Vitreous liquid which otslaivat a retina comes to the place of a gap. The retina, otsloyenny from a choroid, ceases to receive blood supply therefore it atrophies and perishes. If at this stage urgent measures, then liquid are not taken, getting further and further, can lead to total amotio of a retina that will lead to loss of sight on the affected eye.

Retina amotio reasons

Formation of microgaps in it and a synchysis is a proximate cause of amotio of a retina thanks to what free liquid gets to gaps. Such state can be caused by an injury, and not obligatory a direct injury of an eye, and blow to the head or even just excessive exercise stresses or the postponed stress. Also the general diseases of an organism, such as diabetes mellitus, idiopathic hypertensia, diseases of kidneys, system (a scleroderma, a pseudorheumatism, a system lupus erythematosus, etc.) and infectious (especially viral infections) diseases, and also diseases of hemadens (a thyroid gland, adrenal glands, epithelial bodies) can be the cause of amotio of a retina.

Also the age factor as most often amotio of a retina occurs at people after sixty years matters though can occur at any age.

Types of amotio of a retina

Amotio of a retina can be primary or secondary.

• Primary. Arises in case of hit of liquid from the liquefied vitreous in a rupture of a retina.
• Secondary. Arises when between a retina and a choroid the new growth appears. It can be tumors, hemorrhages, a diabetic retinopathy or inflammatory infiltrate.

On mobility degree amotio of a retina can be mobile or rigid. Diagnosis of amotio of a retina for definition of its mobility looks so: to the patient appoint a two-day bed rest then check position of a retina. If the retina adjoins completely, speak about mobile if it is not present, then define various degrees of mobility or full rigidity if the prileganiye is absent throughout.

Amotio of a retina can be high if the liquid which accumulated under it gathered in a bubble, or flat at which the retina is collected in folds.

Classification of amotio of a retina by prevalence is also accepted:

• Local – within one quadrant
• Extended – occupies two quadrants
• Subtotal – within three quadrants
• Total amotio of a retina – a retina of an otsloyen throughout

Retina amotio symptoms

Symptoms of amotio of a retina prove as a vision disorder. Emergence before eyes of dark small stains of irregular shape, in the form of soot flakes, and also emergence of "a dark curtain" or gray shading under review belongs to early symptoms of amotio of a retina.

At an early stage a characteristic symptom of amotio of a retina is morning improvement when after a dream the curtain before eyes almost completely disappears and sight is recovered. But during day activity the veil appears again, and by the evening symptoms of amotio of a retina reach the peak – "curtain" becomes so dense that through it practically nothing is visible.

One more symptom of amotio of a retina are flashes of light on the periphery of sight, there can be moving large spots before eyes. Pain is not inherent to retina amotio as the retina has no pain receptors, but sometimes pain is present during formation of primary gaps.

As the disease progresses, symptoms of amotio of a retina accrue, and sight on the affected eye worsens.

Diagnosis of amotio of a retina

Diagnosis of amotio of a retina is carried out by the ophthalmologist by means of the next researches:

• Oftalmoskopiya (survey of an eyeground), direct and indirect. Allows to reveal exact localization of gaps, a condition of an otsloyenny retina.
• The electrophysiologic research giving an idea of extent of the disturbances which happened in otsloyenny sites of a retina and an optic nerve.
• The visual acuity definition giving an idea of the central site of a retina
• The computer perimetry showing a condition of a peripheral retina.
• The ultrasound examination of an eye allowing to estimate retina amotio degree.
• Tonometriya - measurement of intraocular pressure.

Treatment of amotio of a retina

Treatment of amotio of a retina is made only in the surgical way. Operation of amotio of a retina the only reliable method allowing to eliminate pathology, therapeutic ways can be applied only as additional.

If it is small amotio of a retina, operation can be executed by methods laser or cryoinfluences (kriopeksiya). At influence of the laser or cryoinfluence in the place of a gap the aseptic (bezinfektsionny) inflammation afterwards causing emergence of cicatricial fabric, densely soldering a retina with a choroid is formed. The liquid which got under a retina gradually resolves.

If amotio of a retina occurred on a significant area, ekstraskleralny or endovitrealny operations are applied.

• Ekstraskleralny operations of amotio of a retina. Surgical intervention is made on a sclera surface. The ekstraskleralny balonirovaniye or ekstraskleralny sealing concern to them thanks to what try to obtain a dense prileganiye of a retina to a choroid then they make dot "privarivaniye" the laser.
• Endovitrealny operations of amotio of a retina. In this case influence a retina after carrying out a vitrectomy (extraction of a vitreous).

The main thing in treatment of amotio of a retina is earlier its beginning as the retina, a long time not contacting to a choroid, atrophies and ceases to perform the functions. In that case treatment of amotio of a retina is not made.