Paracetamol

Paracetamol – anesthetic and febrifuge from the NPVS group (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), non-narcotic analgesic. By World Health Organization it is included in the list of the most important medicines.

Pharmacological action

Active ingredient of drug is paracetamol, derivative acetphenetidiene. The mechanism of effect of Paracetamol is based on oppression of synthesis of prostaglandins - the chemical compounds which are formed at an inflammation, and responsible for its signs in the form of rise in temperature and emergence of pain. Paracetamol has Analgeziruyushchy effect, influencing neurons of the central nervous system. Possesses weak antiinflammatory action, does not irritate a mucous membrane of digestive tract.

At hit in an organism drug is soaked up in blood, from there is carried on all body tissues. Destruction happens in a liver, to formation of intermediate products of exchange – metabolites some of which (rodinal) are toxic. This fact limits use of Paracetamol at diseases of a liver and blood. Further metabolites pass through renal filters and are removed with urine and therefore at an impaired renal function use of Paracetamol is also undesirable.

At oral administration paracetamol reaches the maximum concentration in blood 20-30 minutes later after reception, in one or one and a half hours there comes the peak of effect of drug.

Release forms

Paracetamol is produced in the following forms:

• Tablets for oral administration, with the content of active ingredient 200 and 500 of mg;
• Tablets for oral administration, coated (capsules), 500 mg of paracetamol in everyone;
• Sparkling tablets for preparation of solution, 500 mg of active ingredient in one tablet;
• Solution for infusions, 15 mg in 1 ml of solution, ampoules on 5 ml;
• Syrup for children, 200 mg of paracetamol in 5 ml of solution;
• Suspension for children, 120 mg in 5 ml of solution;
• Suppositories rectal with a dosage of active ingredient from 50 mg (for children) to 1000 mg.

Paracetamol – one of the most known and widely used drugs in the world, the same active ingredient is produced the different pharmaceutical companies under various trademarks: Abesanil, Akamolteva, Aktazol, Alvedon, Acetiphenum, Algotoropil, Aminodol, Aminophenum, Amphenol, Apagan, Apamidum, Apanolum, Atselifen, Atsemol, Atsetalgin, Acetaminophen, Atsetaminofenol, Biotsetamol, Bindard, Valadolum, Valorinum, Valgesicum, Winadolum, Volpan, Dapirexum, Datril, Dafalgan, Deksamol, Deminofen, Dimindolum, Dolamin, Dolanexum, Dolipram, Ifimol, Kalpol, Meksalen, Metamolum, Minoset, Mialgin, Napamolum, Naprinolum, Nasprinum, Nizatsetol, New Economic Policy, Opradol, Panadolum, Panadolum солюбл, Panadolum junior, Paramol, Patsimol, Piremol, Pirinazin, Rolotsin, Taylenol, Tempramolum, Tylenolum, Tyleminum, Tralgonum, Ushamol, Febridolum, Febrinil, Febrinolum, Febritset, Fendonum, Hemtsetafen, Celifenum, Cetadolum, Tsetanil, Efferalgan, Efferoglan, Erocetamolum.

Indications to Paracetamol use

The indication to Paracetamol is the body temperature increased to subfebrile and febrile values (37 - 39 °C) at various diseases of an infectious and inflammatory origin. In pediatric practice indications to Paracetamol are the gum pain and fever caused by a teething.

According to the instruction, Paracetamol is effective as means for removal of a pain syndrome of various origin: a headache, a mialgiya, an arthralgia, альгодисменорея, radiculitis, a sciatica, neuralgia, a dentagra and the wandering pains of not clear etiology.

Attention! At use of this drug for removal of an acute pain it can reduce considerably symptoms in this connection the clinical picture of a disease will change and diagnosis can be complicated.

Application instruction of Paracetamol

The one-time dosage of Paracetamol according to the instruction makes from 500 to 1000 mg for adults and children 12 years are more senior, the daily dosage for this group should not exceed 4 g (4000 mg) of medicinal substance.

The drug dose for children's age is calculated individually, depending on the child's weight, from calculation on average 125-250mg active ingredient at one time, irrespective of a dosage form. Regardless of a medicine form, the daily dose needs to be distributed on 3-4 receptions, with a time interval between them not less than 4 hours.

According to the instruction, Paracetamol should not be used over 3 days without medical control. If during this time symptoms of a disease did not gain involution, it is necessary to see a doctor concerning a possibility of further use of drug and its dosage.

Side effects

At observance of the instruction Paracetamol is one of the safest drugs which side effects are shown extremely seldom. Nevertheless, they are described in medical literature, and connected usually with the increased individual sensitivity or with existence of the latent accompanying pathology.

Treat the side effects connected with Paracetamol reception:

• From the alimentary system - development of dysfunctions of a liver, emergence of symptoms of dyspepsia;
• From blood - anemias, a methemoglobinemia, deterioration in a picture of blood (thrombocytopenia, an agranulocytosis, a leukopenia, etc.);
• From cardiovascular system - change of cordial conductivity (endocardiac blockade);
• From immune system – allergic reactions of various intensity, the type which more often is slowed down, are more rare immediate (acute anaphylaxis);
• From bodies of urination – development of intersticial nephrite, a polyuria and other disturbances of renal function.

A number of specialists claims that there are data on development of bronchial asthma in considerable number of the children accepting Paracetamol (41%). In spite of the fact that this point of view causes a controversy in scientific community, without indications, serious on that, Paracetamol in children's practice should not be applied, especially it should not be abused.

This means with care is appointed in a complex with other drugs, and only under observation of the doctor as the toxic effect of their interaction can be observed. Combined use of Paracetamol and alcohol is forbidden.

At pregnancy

It is considered that Paracetamol at pregnancy can be appointed when the risk connected with its use is justified it by high performance and emergency. At the same time it is necessary to consider that a number of researches confirms toxic action on a fruit at use of Paracetamol at pregnancy. So, connect cases of development of a cryptorchism in boys whose mothers used it with this drug, being pregnant women.

Thus, appointment according to indications of Paracetamol at pregnancy has to happen only with the assistance of the doctor.

Contraindications to use

Paracetamol is contraindicated in the following situations:

• Existence in the anamnesis of individual sensitivity to it or other NPVS;
• Abnormal liver functions;
• Pathology of kidneys;
• The diseases connected with deterioration in a picture of blood;
• Pregnancy;
• Breastfeeding.

Storage conditions

To store in the dark, dry place at a temperature not above 25 °C within 2 years. To protect from children!