Paraurethral cyst

The paraurethral cyst – the closed cystous education filled with a secret which is localized in the field of the mouth of an urethra is more rare in the channel.

Skin glands (small vestibular glands, paraurethral glands) – glands which are located in the field of an outside opening of an urethra on a front wall of a vagina on all spongy body of an urethra. These glands develop the secret moistening mucous urethras. In some cases mouths of glands of the Skin are narrowed, closed, corked, and the internal glandular cavity is filled with the developed secret, stretching its walls and creating a paraurethral cyst.

The paraurethral cyst is in most cases diagnosed for women of childbearing age that is connected with exposure of glands to considerable changes during various periods of life of the woman. During pregnancy at women the hypertrophy of glands is observed, in a puerperal period involution is observed, the climacteric is characterized by an atrophy of paraurethral glands.

The paraurethral cyst represents the small tumorous formation of rounded shape which is located preferential at an outside opening of an urethra, is more rare in depth from surface fabrics that significantly complicates diagnosis of a new growth. The paraurethral cyst is palpated from a vagina, when pressing mucous liquid can be emitted. At a complication of cystous education can be infectious and inflammatory process of allocation purulent. The uncomplicated paraurethral cyst is characterized by an elastic consistence, lack of the inflamed fabrics in the field of cystous education.

Distinguish two types of paraurethral cysts:

• Skiniyev paraurethral cysts – the cystous educations arising at obstruction of the small glands located around an urethra;
• Cysts of Gartnerovy pass – the cysts arising owing to anomaly of development of female urinogenital system. In rare instances germinal channels between a wall of a vagina and an urethra do not grow that leads to accumulation in them of liquid and formation of a cyst.

The paraurethral cyst of any type does not regress and does not resolve independently. Than there is longer a cyst in an urethra or in its threshold, that a high probability of development of inflammatory process and suppuration. Paraurethral cysts represent the favorable environment for accumulation of congestive urine and reproduction of bacteria. The inflammation of a paraurethral cyst can lead to development of abscess which is opened in an urethra with the subsequent development of a diverticulum.

Diagnosis and symptoms of paraurethral cysts

The uncomplicated paraurethral cyst, as a rule, proceeds asymptomatically, without bringing discomfort to the patient, remaining unnoticed a long time. At the asymptomatic course of a disease paraurethral cysts are found only during routine gynecologic or urological inspection. The paraurethral cyst at women can or be stuck out on a front wall of a vagina, or be localized in the thickness of small vulvar lips.

The located paraurethral cysts are diagnosed by Glubinno, proceeding from a clinical picture. Diagnosis is carried out by method of an endoscopic research of an urethra (uretrotsistoskopiya) which allows to define localization and the amount of education.

Also the method of the ultrasonography conducted by the intracavitary sensor is applied to diagnosis of paraurethral cysts.

For differentiation of a paraurethral cyst with other diseases (cysts of a vagina, a tumor of a front wall of a vagina, a diverticulum) a number of analyses (the general analysis of urine, bacteriological crops of urine, a cytologic research of urine) is carried out.

At achievement by a cyst of the considerable sizes of the patient the following symptoms can disturb:

• Discomfort when walking, sexual contact;
• Formation of a swelling, puffiness in an urethra;
• Disturbance of an urination, dysuria;
• Pains, burnings in the field of education;
• Insignificant purulent discharges;
• General symptomatology characteristic of inflammatory process;
• The speeded-up urination;
• Arching feeling in the field of formation of a cyst;
• The urination which is followed by gripes;
• Urine incontience.

The paraurethral cyst can be complicated by infectious and inflammatory process at which the empyema of cyst is observed that leads to emergence of purulent discharges.

Reasons of formation of paraurethral cysts

Formation of paraurethral cysts is connected as with various inflammatory processes of urinogenital system (the uretrita which are also caused by infections, sexually transmitted), and with urethra microtraumas (at rough sexual contact, patrimonial activity). In rare instances the paraurethral cyst can be inborn.

Also refer use of various means of intimate hygiene on the basis of soaps to the reasons of development of paraurethral cysts that leads to obstruction of output channels of paraurethral glands. Decrease in immunity is one more reason of formation of paraurethral cysts.

Methods of treatment of paraurethral cysts: operation, drug treatment

At diagnosis of a paraurethral cyst an important stage is definition of the reasons which caused formation of a new growth. At identification of the reasons of cystous education for the patient the complex therapy combining conservative methods (the drug treatment directed to the elimination of inflammatory process, an infection) and radical (assuming removal of a paraurethral cyst) is appointed. Opening of a paraurethral cyst gives only temporary effect as at obstruction of the mouth of gland, the cyst is formed again.

It is necessary that at diagnosis of a paraurethral cyst, operation is only true and efficiently treatments of a new growth. At a paraurethral cyst operation can be performed by various techniques, at the same time preference is given to full excision of cystous education. Depending on type of a paraurethral cyst operation can be performed both under local anesthesia, and under the general anesthesia.

Removal of a paraurethral cyst: forecasts, risks

Removal of a paraurethral cyst attracts certain risks and complications which probability of emergence depends as on complexity of the most paraurethral cyst (a complication infectious and inflammatory process, the size, education localization), and on experience of the surgeon. Distinguish from the main complications and risks connected with removal of a paraurethral cyst:

• Stricture (the narrowing which often is followed by an inflammation) of an urethra;
• Education recurrence;
• Development of an urethral pain syndrome;
• Uretro-vlagalishchnye and vaginovesical fistulas;
• Formation of hematomas;
• Bleedings of various intensity;
• Recurrent infection.