First aid at poisoning

Poisoning call systemic lesion of an organism owing to hit in toxic agents. Poison can get into an organism through a mouth, airways or integuments. Distinguish the following types of poisonings:

• Food poisonings;
• Poisonings with mushrooms (are allocated in separate group as differ from usual food poisonings);
• Poisonings with medicines;
• Poisonings with poisonous chemicals (acids, alkalis, household chemicals, oil processing products);
• Alcoholic poisonings;
• Poisonings with carbon monoxide, smoke, ammonia vapors, etc.

At poisoning all functions of an organism suffer, but activity of nervous, digestive and respiratory systems most strongly suffers. Effects of poisoning can be very serious, in hard cases disturbance of functions of vitals can lead to a lethal outcome in this connection first aid at poisoning is extremely important, and sometimes from that, how timely and correctly it is rendered, human life depends.

The general rules of first-aid treatment at poisonings

Principles of rendering the emergency help following:

1. To stop contact with toxic agent;
2. As soon as possible to bring poison out of an organism;
3. To support the vital functions of an organism, first of all respiratory and cordial activity. In case of need to hold resuscitation events (the closed cardiac massage, breath "a mouth - in - a mouth" or "a mouth - in - a nose");
4. To cause to the victim of the doctor, in urgent cases – ambulance.

It is important to establish precisely owing to what there was poisoning, it will help to orient quickly in a situation and to effectively give help.

Food poisonings

Food poisonings are what it is necessary to face most often in everyday life, perhaps, there is no adult who would not be influenced by this state. Hit in an organism of substandard food stuffs, as a rule, is the reason of food poisoning it is about their bacterial infection.

Symptoms of food poisoning develop usually in one or two hours after acceptance of food. It is nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, an abdominal pain, a headache. In hard cases vomiting and diarrhea become intensive and repeated, the general weakness appears.

First aid at poisoning with foodstuff consists in the following:

1. To make a gastric lavage. For this purpose to allow to drink to the victim not less than one liter of water or light pink solution of permanganate potassium then to cause vomiting, pressing two fingers on a language root. It is so necessary to make several times until emetic masses does not consist of one liquid, without impurity;
2. To give to the victim adsorbent. The most widespread and inexpensive is absorbent carbon. It is necessary to accept it from calculation 1 tablet on each 10 kg of weight, thus, the person weighing 60 kg needs to take 6 pill at once. In addition to absorbent carbon will approach: Polyphepanum, Lignin, Diosmektit, Sorbeks, Enterosgel, Smekta, etc.;
3. If the diarrhea is absent that happens seldom, it is necessary to cause artificially bowel emptying, it is possible to make it by means of an enema or having accepted salt laxative (magnesia, the Karlovy Vary salt, etc. will approach);
4. To warm the victim – to lay, wrap up with a blanket, to give warm tea, it is possible to put a hot-water bottle to legs;
5. To fill liquid loss, having given to the patient plentiful drink – slightly added some salt water, unsweetened tea.

Poisoning with mushrooms

First aid at poisoning with mushrooms differs from the help at usual food poisoning in the fact that the doctor has to examine the victim surely even if poisoning symptoms at first sight seem insignificant. The reason is that mushroom poison can cause serious damage to a nervous system which to be shown not at once. However if to wait for increase of symptoms, the help can not manage to arrive in time.

Poisoning with medicines

If there was poisoning with medicines, it is necessary to call immediately the doctor, and before his arrival it is desirable to find out that the victim and in what quantity accepted. Symptoms of poisoning with medicinal substances are shown differently depending on effect of the drug which became the poisoning reason. It is the most frequent this slowed down or unconsciousness, vomiting, slackness, hypersalivation, a fever, pallor of integuments, spasms, strange behavior.

If the victim is in consciousness, waiting for arrival of the doctor it is necessary to hold the same events of the emergency help, as at food poisoning. The patient in unconsciousness should be laid sideways that at the opened vomiting he did not choke with emetic masses, to keep pulse and breath under control, and in case of their easing to begin resuscitation actions.

Poisoning with acids and alkalis

Concentrated acids and alkalis are strong poisons which in addition to toxic influence cause also a burn in the place of hit. As poisoning occurs at hit of acid or alkali in an organism through a mouth, one of its signs are burns of an oral cavity and throat, and sometimes and lips. First aid at poisoning with similar substances includes a gastric lavage clear water, contrary to the developed opinion, to try to inactivate acid alkali it is not necessary, it is also not necessary to cause vomiting without washing. After a gastric lavage at poisoning with acid the victim of milk or a little vegetable oil can allow to drink.

Poisoning with volatiles

The poisoning coming owing to inhalation of toxic agents is considered one of the heaviest types of intoxication as the respiratory system is directly involved in process, therefore, not only breath suffers, but also toxics quickly get into blood, causing damage to all organism. Thus, threat in this case double – intoxication plus disturbance of process of breath. Therefore the most important measure of first aid at poisoning with volatiles is providing the victim with clean air.

The person in consciousness needs to be brought to clean air, to weaken hard clothes. If there is an opportunity, to allow to rinse a mouth and a throat soda solution (1 tbsp on a glass of water). If consciousness is absent, it is necessary to lay the victim with the raised head and to provide air flow. It is necessary to check pulse and breath, and in case of their disturbance, to hold resuscitation events before stabilization of cordial and respiratory activity or before arrival of ambulance.

Mistakes at first-aid treatment at poisonings

Some measures taken as the emergency help at poisonings instead of facilitating a condition of the victim, can do it additional harm. Therefore it is necessary to know widespread mistakes and not to make them.

So, when rendering the emergency help at poisonings does not follow:

1. To allow to drink sparkling water;
2. To cause vomiting of pregnancy, in unconscious victims, in the presence of spasms;
3. To try to give independently an antidote (for example, to neutralize acid alkali);
4. To give laxative drugs at poisoning with acids, alkalis, household chemicals and products of oil refining.

At all types of poisonings it is necessary to call the ambulance since practically always at poisonings hospitalization is required. An exception are only not hard cases of food poisoning which it is possible to treat in house conditions.