Pigmental nevus

On a body surface of the person quite often there are various sites which differ on color from the main shade of skin. They represent accumulation of specific cells with the increased content of melanin – the pigment which is responsible for a shade of skin and color of an iris of the eye of eyes. As in medicine Latin terms are accepted, similar discoloration of integuments carries the name a nevus pigmental. Birthmarks or, depending on the size, birthmarks, are high-quality new growths, however in certain cases they can gain pathological character.

Pigmental nevus, reasons

The nevus pigmental on skin of the person can appear at any age. However the majority of birthmarks nevertheless "are from the childhood". Even during pre-natal development in an organism disturbances at the cellular level are possible. They also lead to such phenomenon on integuments as a pigmental nevus, various factors can be the reasons at the same time. As the main of them are considered: hormonal changes in the woman's organism during pregnancy, genetic disorders, and also impact on future mother of unfavorable ecological conditions.

Under the influence of all these factors development of a number of cells which lose ability to distribution of a pigment is broken. As a result of accumulation in them of melanin the nevus pigmental is also formed. Quite often it is so small that right after appearance of the child on light it is almost imperceptible. In this regard at the newborn birthmarks which become visible usually only by three years, as a rule, are not observed.

Adverse factors can provoke changes in integuments not only during embryonic development, but also during all life. Especially considerably it during the periods of hormonal fluctuations – at teenage age and during a climax when the quantity of similar new growths considerably increases. The nevus pigmental also quite often results from excess impact on skin of ultraviolet rays. At the same time it has ability to regenerate quickly in a malignant tumor.

The nevus is pigmental: classification

Birthmarks differ on the term and the place of education, and also by the size. The following types of a nevus pigmental are the most widespread:

• Boundary. Cells with melanin are located in epidermis – an upper layer of skin. The nevus represents a small speck of brown color with a smooth surface on which there is never indumentum;
• Intradermal. The name says that concentration of specific cells is in more thickly center of skin – a derma. The inborn pigmental nevus of brown color can be located on skin and on mucous membranes;
• Blue. Characteristic coloring is explained by deposits of melanin under skin. The birthmark represents the small knot with a smooth surface which is sharply delimited from surrounding fabrics;
• Papillomatous. The birthmark of rather big size most often appears on a pilar part of the head, has a hilly surface. It gives it similarity with a wart;
• Huge. An inborn pigmental nevus, increasing together with growth of the child, reaches considerable size. Has an uneven surface with sites of pilosis.

Birthmarks can be grouped in size: to 1,5 cm – small, from 1,5 cm to 10 cm – averages, from 10 cm to 20 cm – large. A huge pigmental nevus – a spot more than 20 cm in size. Inborn character of it and some other new growths can confirm existence of cells with melanin in a hypodermic fatty tissue.

Pigmental nevus, treatment

Such new growth of integuments as nevus pigmental, often is major cosmetic defect. Besides, it can gain malignant character. For these reasons many are interested in a possibility of removal of a birthmark from the surface of skin. A pigmental nevus which treatment, as a rule, only radical, it is possible to remove by various methods:

• Surgical. Use of a scalpel allows to liquidate birthmarks of the considerable sizes. Sometimes at the same time skin transplantation from other body parts is required;
• Cryolysis. The nevus pigmental is subjected to influence of extremely low temperatures. After short-term freezing it represents a crust under which normal skin gradually begins to grow;
• Electrothermic coagulation. Removal of a birthmark is carried out under the influence of high temperature;
• Laser therapy. The nevus is pigmental which removal it is the best of all to make by means of the laser, is located, as a rule, in a face. After holding this procedure there are practically no complications: scars, burns or hems;
• Radio surgical. The special device sends a flow of radoactive radiation directly to the place of accumulation of pathological cells, without doing harm to healthy surrounding fabrics.

The nevus is pigmental which removal can be carried out in the listed ways, quite often is a significant problem for the person. In most cases the modern medicine allows to cope with it quickly enough. The choice of a method of removal of a birthmark remains for the doctor, however some skin new growths among which and a huge pigmental nevus, liquidate only in the surgical way.

Considering ability of some types of birthmarks to regenerate zlokachestvenno, it is necessary to observe some precautions. First of all, not to subject the changed sites of skin to long solar radiation, and also to preserve against mechanical influences – friction and combing. If the nevus pigmental has the small size and is not cosmetic defect, it is not necessary to delete it. In case of increase in a birthmark or change of its coloring it is necessary to see behind consultation a doctor.