Pilocarpinum

Pilocarpinum – derivative methylimidazole, the drug rendering direct m - cholinomimetic action; it is applied in ophthalmology.

Form of release and structure

Dosage form – drops eye 1% (on 1 ml in tubes droppers with the valve, in a pack of cardboard 1, 2, 5 or 10 tubes; on 1,3 ml in tubes droppers, in a pack of cardboard 1, 2 or 5 tubes; on 1,5 ml, 2 ml or 5 ml in tubes droppers, in a pack of cardboard 1, 2, 4, 5 or 10 tubes; on 2 ml in tubes droppers with the valve, in a pack of cardboard 5 or 10 tubes; on 5 ml in bottles, on 5 or 10 ml in polyethylene bottles, on 5 ml in polymeric bottles droppers, on 5 ml in glass bottles with a cover dropper, in a pack a cardboard 1 bottle; on 5 ml in bottles with a cover dropper, in a pack of cardboard 1 or 5 bottles; on 10 ml in polymeric bottles droppers, in a pack cardboard 1 or 2 bottles).

Active agent: Pilocarpinum a hydrochloride, in 1 ml of drops – 10 mg.

Additional components: water for injections and boric acid.

Indications to use

• Bad attack of glaucoma;
• Chronic open angle glaucoma;
• Secondary glaucoma (pigmental degeneration of a retina, acute impassability of arteries of a retina, fibrinferments of the central vein of a retina, atrophy of an optic nerve);
• Cornea abscess.

Also Pilocarpinum is appointed after instillation of midriatik if there is a need of narrowing of a pupil.

Contraindications

• Iritis;
• Iridocyclitis;
• States and diseases of eyes at which the miosis is undesirable (including after surgical intervention);
• Hypersensitivity to drug components.

With care:

• Peeling of a retina in the anamnesis;
• Myopia of high degree at patients of young age.

Route of administration and dosage

Pilocarpinum is applied konjyunktivalno.

Doses and frequency rate of use in each case define individually for each patient.

At primary glaucoma appoint 1-2 drops 2-4 times a day. Duration of treatment depends on the level of intraocular pressure. If necessary in addition appoint beta adrenoblockers.

At a bad attack of closed-angle glaucoma drug is used according to such scheme: within 1 hour – on 1 drop each 15 minutes, for the 2nd and 3rd hour – on 1 drop each 30 minutes, throughout 4-go-6-go hours – on 1 drop each 60 minutes, further – on 1 drop of 3-6 times a day. Duration of treatment is defined by the moment when it is possible to stop an attack completely.

Side effects

Pilocarpinum is generally transferred well, in rare instances there is a headache. At prolonged use there is a risk of development of the expressed miosis (1-1,5 mm in the diameter), contact dermatitis a century and follicular conjunctivitis.

Special instructions

Adequate and strictly controlled researches on an occasion of safety of use of Pilocarpinum during pregnancy and a lactation were not conducted therefore drug can be appointed only if the estimated advantage exceeds possible risks.

With an initial stage of a cataract the miotic effect of drug can cause passing deterioration in sight in patients.

During therapy regular control of intraocular pressure is necessary.

Narrowing of a pupil can cause disturbances of dark adaptation therefore after instillation of eye drops it is necessary to be careful when performing potentially dangerous types of works and driving at bad lighting or in night-time. Also it is necessary to consider that in an initiation of treatment at patients of young age development of a spasm of accommodation which reduces visual acuity is possible.

Medicinal interaction

Pilocarpinum can apply in a combination with beta adrenoblockers, sympathomimetics, karboangidraza inhibitors.

Atropine and other m-holinoblokiruyushchiye of means are antagonists of Pilocarpinum.

At simultaneous use of adrenostimulyator antagonism of action can be observed (on diameter of a pupil).

The phenylephine hydrochloride and Timololum reduce products of intraocular liquid and by that strengthen decrease in intraocular pressure.

Antikholinesterazny means strengthen m-holinostimuliruyushchuyu activity of Pilocarpinum; derivatives of a fenotiazin, tricyclic antidepressants, clozapine and chlorprothixene – reduce.

During the general anesthesia using Ftorotanum at the patients who are receiving medical treatment for eye drops Pilocarpinum the lowering of arterial pressure and development of bradycardia is possible.

Terms and storage conditions

To store at a temperature from 8 to 15 ºС in the place protected from light and unavailable to children.

Period of validity – 3 years, after the first opening of a bottle – 28 days.