Cancer of a thyroid gland
General characteristic of a disease
Cancer of a thyroid gland represents the serious endocrinological disease which is characterized by change of structure of cells of a thyroid gland and their pathological growth. Frequency of cancer of thyroid gland in the world is rather not high – no more than 2% of all cases of oncological diseases.
Most often symptoms of cancer of thyroid gland are diagnosed for elderly people or for the persons which underwent radiation exposure. After the Ukrainian Chernobyl accident, and also atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki symptoms of cancer of thyroid gland were found in the children who transferred radiation vnutriutrobno. In all other cases cancer of a thyroid gland, and furthermore the metastasises of cancer of thyroid gland which extended from other body affected with a disease – the phenomenon for children extremely rare and not typical.
One of the reasons of cancer of thyroid gland except radiation exposure call still a chronic lack of iodine of an organism. The role in development of cancer of thyroid gland of various disturbances of immune and neuro and endocrine character, the shown formation of a craw, benign tumors or cysts of a thyroid gland is big. Rank also genetic family predisposition of patients as factors of cancer of thyroid gland.
Symptoms of cancer of thyroid gland
Quite often first symptom of cancer of thyroid gland is detection on body of small consolidation, a so-called small knot. It, as a rule, absolutely painless, and the sizes of the body are not changed yet. When progressing a disease and further growth of a tumor are added feeling of pressure in the field of body to symptoms of cancer of thyroid gland and increase in the next lymph nodes.
Sometimes the course of a disease occurs against the background of accessory signs of cancer of thyroid gland of a hypothyroidism (deficit of hormones of a thyroid gland), or, on the contrary, the moderate thyrotoxicosis (excess of hormones of a thyroid gland) joins a disease. At the big sizes of a tumor and metastasises of cancer of thyroid gland in a trachea or a gullet other symptoms of cancer of thyroid gland are possible: asthma, swallowing disturbances, voice osiplost, etc.
Stages and forms of cancer of thyroid gland
Approximately in 90% of cases of the diagnosed tumor of a thyroid gland it is high-quality: papillary or follicular. Forms of cancer of thyroid gland anaplastic, medullary and the mixed forms fall on the remained 10%. Each of forms is characterized by the prevailing defeat of a certain type of cells of a thyroid gland, various speed of a course of a disease and different quantity of malignant nodes. Most seldom, 1% of all cases of oncology of a thyroid gland is not more often, metastasises of cancer of thyroid gland meet (they – cancer metastatic).
As well as other oncological diseases, cancer of a thyroid gland can be differentiated on stages depending on degree of a course of a disease. A symptom of cancer of thyroid gland of the I stage is existence of a single tumor without metastasises and deformation of the capsule of body. Refer lack of metastasises at diagnosis of single or multiple malignant nodes and damage of the capsule of body to symptoms of cancer of thyroid gland of the II stage.
Cancer of a thyroid gland of the III stage is characterized by damage of nearby lymph nodes, deformation of the most thyroid gland and a prelum of the next fabrics. A disease of the IV stage call the metastasises of cancer of thyroid gland which extended in the remote lymph nodes and bodies. Forecast of cancer of thyroid gland for the I-II stages optimum. The peak of occurrence of oncology of a thyroid gland is the share of age of 30-50 years when the disease most gives in to treatment.
Diagnosis of cancer of thyroid gland
Diagnosis of cancer of thyroid gland happens in several stages. It begins with a simple palpating of body in an office of the therapist or endocrinologist and proceeds more exact and informative diagnostic methods. Carry methods of visualization of cancer of thyroid gland of ultrasonography and MRT, and also functional studying of body by means of radioisotopes to them. The main method of definition of a form of cancer of thyroid gland – biochemical, a so-called biopsy of the internal fabrics of body which are taken away by means of a fine tissue extractor.
Cancer therapy of a thyroid gland
The method of cancer therapy of a thyroid gland is defined after diagnosis of a form and a stage of a disease. The best forecast of cancer of thyroid gland shows surgical treatment of a disease with full removal of body. After operation to the patient with the confirmed symptoms of cancer of thyroid gland lifelong gormonozameshchayushchy therapy is appointed.
At the small sizes of a tumor in cancer therapy of a thyroid gland carrying out organ-preserving operation with partial removal of the damaged fabrics of body is allowed. The forecast of cancer of thyroid gland is in that case much better when using additional methods of treatment, for example, than peroral therapy by a radioiodine. It is considered efficiently local radiation exposure of body. And the person undergoing such cancer therapy of a thyroid gland does not constitute danger to people around.
At the started disease stages the forecast of cancer of thyroid gland is better at appointment for the patient of a combination therapy. It consists of total or partial removal of body, a course of a radioiodine and chemotherapy. Each several weeks to the patient are spent control scanning of body for the purpose of observation of dynamics of process of cancer therapy of a thyroid gland. At small sensitivity of atypical cells to therapy by chemistry and a radioiodine of a dose of medicine increase.
Forecast of cancer of thyroid gland and statistics of survival of patients one of the best oncological diseases among the majority.
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