Eye retina dystrophy

General characteristic of a disease

Eye retina dystrophy – one of the main reasons for poor eyesight of people of advanced age. The disease represents irreversible destruction of tissues of retina and gradual oppression of function of organs of sight.

The reasons causing eye retina dystrophy are happy are various. First of all, this age accumulation in fabrics of decomposition products of a metabolism. The major role in deficit of food of visual cells of a retina is played also by blood circulation disturbances, intoxication, infections.

The contributing factors to development of dystrophy of a retina of eyes is also short-sightedness. It leads to the supertension on eye covers caused by the increased cross size of organs of sight of the short-sighted person.

Presumably the diabetes mellitus, smoking, excess weight, high arterial pressure are considered as other factors starting the mechanism of development of dystrophy of a retina of an eye. Dystrophy of a retina of eyes can develop also at quite young age against the background of pregnancy, cardiovascular diseases, pathologies of a thyroid gland, and also as a result of injuries.

Retina dystrophy symptoms

Early symptom of dystrophy of a retina is gradual decrease in clearness of sight close. The disease slowly progresses and over time leads to perception of the distorted images. Patients with retina dystrophy symptoms quite often complain of doubling of visually perceived objects, a lomannost of lines, existence of blind spots at sight. However the total blindness as a result of dystrophy of a retina of an eye develops quite seldom.

Types of dystrophy of a retina of an eye

Chorioretinal dystrophy of a retina, it is an age macular degeneration of a retina, it is characteristic of people 50 years are more senior. The disease can lead to full loss of the central sight. At the same time peripheral sight of the patient with chorioretinal dystrophy of a retina remains within norm.

Without the central sight the clearness of perception of objects is impossible. People with symptoms of dystrophy of a retina of eyes of this type are not able to read or manage transport. Speed of progressing of a disease depends on type and weight of chorioretinal dystrophy of a retina.

The wet form of a disease is considered the heaviest, swift-flowing and badly giving in to treatment. However most often (in 9 of 10 cases) the dry form of chorioretinal dystrophy of a retina meets. At it process of gradual destruction of cells of the central part of a retina (makula) takes several years.

At other type of dystrophy of a retina of eyes, peripheral dystrophy of a retina, change mention peripheral departments of an eyeground. Danger of this disease is that the early stage of development of peripheral dystrophy of a retina proceeds almost asymptomatically. The first dystrophic changes can be diagnosed only by means of the special ophthalmologic equipment.

However it is very important to diagnose these changes at an early stage of peripheral dystrophy of a retina. Only in this case it is possible to warn effectively a serious complication of a disease - amotio or a rupture of a retina. Similar pathologies, unlike their prime cause, will quite hard respond to treatment.

Pigmental dystrophy of a retina – the most rare anomaly caused by hereditary factors. To it give disturbances in work of the photoreceptors of a retina answering or twilight black-and-white, or for day color vision.

Pigmental dystrophy of a retina can be transmitted from mother to the child on autosomal recessive or autosomal dominantly to a mode of inheritance. Most often men suffer from pigmental dystrophy of a retina. The clinical picture of a disease and the mechanism of development are deeply individual.

At pigmental dystrophy of a retina of easy degree there is only an insignificant decrease in visual acuity in badly lit space. In hard cases of pigmental dystrophy of a retina perhaps full fading of visual function.

Diagnosis of dystrophy of a retina of an eye

The most informative diagnostic methods of dystrophy of a retina of eyes are laser scanning of a retina by means of the optical tomograph, the central computer perimetry, and also a fluorescent angiography of blood vessels of an eyeground. They allow to reveal the earliest symptoms of dystrophy of a retina.

In addition at an early stage of diagnosis of a disease also tests can be applied to check of color sensation, contrast of sight, the sizes of the central and peripheral visual fields.

Treatment of dystrophy of a retina of an eye

In treatment of dystrophy of a retina of an eye of a chorioretinal form techniques of photodynamic therapy, laser photocoagulation, and also an injection of Anti-VEGF drugs are used. The last represent the special protein capable to suspend dystrophic processes in the makul of an eye.

Photodynamic treatment of dystrophy of a retina of eyes assumes intravenous administration of substances photosensitizers. They are capable to connect proteins of pathological vessels and to stop development of dystrophy. The mode of photodynamic treatment of dystrophy of a retina of eyes is set individually, depending on sensitivity of the patient to this type of therapy.

The technique of cauterization of pathological vessels is the cornerstone of laser treatment of dystrophy of a retina of eyes. On site a burn on fabrics of a makula of an eye the hem is formed, and sight on this site of an eye is not recovered. But this technique allows to prevent further distribution of process of dystrophy of a retina of an eye.

In treatment of pigmental dystrophy of a retina preferential physiotherapeutic techniques are used: magnito-and electrostimulation of tissues of eye. Unfortunately, their efficiency is not high. Also vazorekonstruktivny operations directed to improvement of blood supply of a retina have limited effect.

Prevention of peeling of a retina at peripheral dystrophy of a retina of eyes is carried out by means of laser coagulation. This low-invasive contactless technique of treatment of dystrophy of a retina allows to avoid surgical opening of an eyeglobe. The procedure is carried out on an outpatient basis and practically does not demand the recovery period.

As auxiliary treatment of dystrophy of a retina of eyes of all types also vitamin therapy is applied diyeto-.

It is known that with age contents in an organism of substances Luteinum and zeaxanthin, an eye, necessary for health, decreases. These substances are not produced in intestines therefore their contents needs to be filled regularly. Except zeaxanthin and Luteinum, the diet has to include vitamin C, tocopherol, selenium and zinc which feed, recover and protect tissues of eyes.

At complaints to manifestation of dystrophic changes of a retina and the progressing decrease in sight and, people after 45 years need to keep to a diet and to use means for sight support. For example, a vitamin and mineral complex of the European quality "Okuvayt Lyutein Forte" with Luteinum and zeaxanthin which protect eyes from a negative impact of a sunlight, C, E vitamins, zinc and selenium. It is proved that such structure prevents development of age changes of a retina of an eye, allows to enjoy acute eyesight even to elderly people.