Ovary

Ovary – the pair female gonad in a cavity of a small pelvis which is carrying out except hormonal also function reproductive.

Ovary structure

Shape of an ovary oval, the size in length it to 3,5 cm, in width to 2,5 cm, up to 1,5 cm thick. On observations, the right ovary is more than left. One end of this gland is turned towards a uterine tube, another is attached to a uterus by own ligament of an ovary. Near it are in a wide ligament of a uterus an appendage of an ovary and an okoloyaichnik.

The structure of a mature ovary emits cortical, marrow and gate. In gate except a bunch of circulatory and absorbent vessels and a nervous bunch there is a connecting fabric and hilusny cells allocating androgens.

Marrow from connecting fabric adjoins gate. Over brain the cortical substance making the most part of an ovary is located. Its basis is made by the connecting fabric and cells forming hormones androgens. In a basis follicles, whitish and yellow bodies are located.

Follicles of an ovary differ among themselves on development stages. For one menstrual cycle only one follicle – dominant completely develops. The follicles which did not reach the last stage of development die off. On site a follicle which underwent an ovulation the so-called yellow body is formed. It is called so because the granulosa cells forming it thanks to big accumulation of fat give yellow coloring to this education. If fertilization did not happen, the yellow body is gradually replaced with connecting fabric, and on its place the white body is formed. In the place of a rupture of a follicle on a cover of an ovary hems are formed.

Functions of an ovary

In a follicle of an ovary ova which in case of fertilization give life to a new organism are formed. The yellow body which is formed on site a follicle at approach of pregnancy emits hormone the progesterone promoting its preservation and incubation of a fruit.

Besides, ovaries develop some other hormones – androgens and estrogen. Androgens (testosterone, androstendion) in a female body address as an intermediate product synthesis of estrogen (oestradiol, estrone).

Estrogen is responsible for formation of signs of a female body – outside and internal generative organs, a skeleton, mammary glands, androgens are responsible for pilosis of a pubis and armpits. Alternation of activity of progesterone and estrogen influence a condition of an epithelium of a mucous membrane of a uterus and vagina, defining recurrence of periods.

Research of function of an ovary

Begin a research with the anamnesis – find out from the woman when periods, characteristics of a menstrual cycle – the number of allocations, morbidity, cycle duration, a regularity, etc. began.

At survey pay attention to a constitution, character of pilosis, development of mammary glands, external genitals – they directly depend on hormonal activity of an ovary.

Blood test on sex hormones also helps to define functional activity of female gonads.

Ultrasound examination of ovaries allows to estimate their size and an arrangement, and also to estimate development of a follicle in dynamics. This high-informative method found broad application and replaced with itself older methods of studying. The laparoscopic research using the endoscope allows not only to estimate visually these glands, but also at the same time to carry out some manipulations on treatment of ovaries.

Diseases of ovaries and approaches to treatment

Most often pathology of female gonads is shown by the following symptoms:

• Disturbances of a menstrual cycle;
• Puberty disturbances;
• Infertility;
• Uterine bleedings;
• Pains in the bottom of a stomach.

Comprehensive gynecologic examination will allow to establish the specific reasons and diseases of ovaries.

The inflammation of ovaries – is shown by the pains aching, pulling in the bottom of a stomach periodically giving to a waist, a sacrum. Unpleasant feelings are noted also during sexual intercourse. These symptoms amplify during periods. Sometimes they are followed by rise in body temperature, a fever, dysuria signs. From a genital tract plentiful transparent allocations can depart. If the inflammation passes into a chronic phase, then it can become the reason of infertility, disturbances of a menstrual cycle.

Bacteria which got to it from the environment can cause an inflammation of ovaries - it is mycoplasmas, chlamydias, gonokokk, trichomonads. Sometimes it is provoked by those microorganisms which in a healthy organism are safe, and the pathogenic properties are shown at decrease in local or general immunity. The inflammation of ovaries easily extends to uterine tubes, causing damage of their internal epithelium with the subsequent formation of commissures.

At emergence of suspicious symptoms it is necessary to seem to the gynecologist. Treatment of ovaries at an inflammation generally conservative also includes a rate of antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antifungal drugs. In addition sometimes appoint antihistamines, vitamins and fortifying procedures.

The syndrome of a polycystosis of ovaries for the first time can be shown at the age of 12-14 years when ovaries only begin to perform reproductive function. But more often the developed picture of a disease can be observed by 30 years. At the woman with a polycystosis ovaries look at ultrasonography hilly because of a set of cysts – vials with a diameter up to 10 mm of liquid inside. Cysts represent follicles which the ovum cannot leave in an abdominal cavity – there is no ovulation and therefore there is impossible a conception.

Women with a syndrome of a polycystosis have characteristic outward – excess pilosis on a body – a hirsutism, acne rash, the increased pigmentation which arise because of excess of male sex hormones. To 40% of women with this pathology have obesity.

The diagnosis of a polycystosis of ovaries is established on the basis of ultrasonography and the analysis of hormones in blood (testosterone, progesterone) in certain days of a sexual cycle. It is important to conduct all researches under observation of the gynecologist.

Treatment of ovaries in case of a polycystosis consists in decrease in level of androgens – male sex hormones, and normalization of a menstrual cycle. It is reached using some oral contraceptives with medical effect. Pregnancy in case of its approach also exerts positive impact at a polycystosis of ovaries.