Cardiography

The concept "cardiography" combines different methods of studying of cordial activity. Big distribution was gained by an electrocardiography by means of which write down electric cordial activity. The similar cardiography of vessels, hearts gives the chance to estimate blood supply of a myocardium, conductivity and a cordial rhythm, changes of the sizes of cardial cavities, a thickening of a cardiac muscle, to reveal disturbances of electrolytic balance, prescription of the postponed heart attack, toxic damage of a myocardium.

Record of action of the heart from a body surface of the patient (electrodes attach to a thorax, legs and hands) is carried out, results of a cardiography of vessels and heart for 5-10 minutes Register. Result of such diagnosis – the cardiogram of heart according to which the attending physician – the therapist, the cardiologist or other specialist can analyze a condition of the patient.

When appoint a cardiography of vessels and heart

The indication to carrying out a cardiography are pains, unpleasant feelings in heart, a neck, a back, a stomach, a breast (ischemia is so shown in certain cases), short wind, frequent faints, puffiness of legs, supertension, noise in heart, rheumatism, diabetes, a stroke.

To make the cardiogram appoint to patients at a preparation for surgery, during routine annual inspections, pregnancy, at execution of documentation before definition in recreational institutions and sports sections, etc.

Besides to people after 40 years the cardiogram of heart is recommended to do annually, despite the absence of complaints. Only this way it is possible to find the hidden disturbances of a heart rhythm, ischemia, a heart attack in time.

Interpretation of the cardiogram

To make the cardiogram, the corresponding treatment can decipher the obtained data and appoint if necessary only the specialist. But to understand some terms important for interpretation of the cardiogram also patients can:

• heart rate (HR). The indicator displays the number of reduction of a muscle of heart in a minute. If it is more reductions than is 91 in a minute tachycardia if 59 blows are bradycardia less. Norm ChSS for the adult – 60-90 blows.
• Electrical Axis of Heart (EAH). This indicator received by means of a cardiography helps to understand a heart arrangement, to define functions of its different departments. In the cardiogram of heart the normal, horizontal, vertical and rejected to the left or to the right provision of EOS can be specified.
• Sinoatrial regular rate. So call a normal heart rhythm which sets a sinus node.
• Not sinoatrial rate. Such formulation in the cardiogram of heart indicates that the heart rhythm is set not by a sinus node, but some minor source of electric cardiac potentials that in turn testifies to heart pathology.
• Sinus arrhythmia (sinoatrial irregular rate). This term means that on a cardiography the wrong sinoatrial rate with gradual reduction and increase in frequency of reductions of heart is recorded. Similar arrhythmia can be not respiratory and respiratory.
• Atrial fibrillation or ciliary arrhythmia. The similar conclusion of a cardiography of vessels and heart says that there is some disturbance of a heart rhythm most of which often is found at patients after 60 years, protekayushchey without explicit symptoms and often provoking heart failure, a brain stroke.
• Paroxysm of a ciliary arrhythmia. So call the sudden attack of a ciliary arrhythmia revealed on a cardiography. The similar state demands immediate treatment and what earlier it will be begun with, that a high probability of recovery of a normal heart rhythm.
• Atrial flutter. A kind of arrhythmia which is treated heavier, than classical arrhythmia.
• Extrasystole or premature ventricular contraction. So in the cardiogram of heart the extraordinary reduction of a muscle of heart causing an abnormal impulse is called. Premature ventricular contraction can be ventricular, atrioventrikulyany and atrial – depending on the site of heart from where there is such impulse.
• Syndrome Wolf-Parkinson-Whyte (WPW). Inborn pathology which abnormal electric impulses and dangerous attacks of arrhythmia are characteristic.
• Sinuatrial blockade. The similar formulation in interpretation of the cardiogram indicates disturbances of carrying out an impulse to an atrial myocardium from a sinus node. Such pathology often meets at a cardiosclerosis, a cardiopathy, myocarditis, a heart attack, overdose of drugs of potassium, beta adrenoblockers, cardiac glycosides, after carrying out on operation heart.
• Atrioventikulyarny blockade. It is the pathology of passing of an impulse found on a cardiography from auricles to cordial ventricles. Nonsynchronous reduction of ventricles and auricles of heart provokes such disturbance.
• Total, incomplete block of legs of a ventriculonector. Disturbance of carrying out an impulse in the thickness of a myocardium of ventricles of heart. Such deviation is shown at heart diseases, a cardiosclerosis, myocarditis, a heart attack, a myocardium hypertrophy, supertension.
• Hypertrophy of a left/right ventricle. So call increase in sizes of a ventricle or a thickening of its wall.
• Hems. The cardiography with such conclusion says that in the past the patient had a heart attack. In this case appoint preventive treatment for the prevention of a recurrence and elimination of a cause of infringement of blood supply.
• The extended QT interval. In interpretation of the cardiogram the acquired or inborn disturbance of conductivity of heart which is followed by faints, disturbances of a rhythm, a cardiac standstill is so designated.

In the course of inspection to make the cardiogram often appoint also to children, it is only necessary to consider that indicators of their cardiography differ from indicators of adults. Fluctuation of reductions of heart depending on their behavior is typical for children about one year. Average frequency of reductions at them – 138 blows, EOS – vertical. The cardiography of children of 1-6 years displays vertical, normal and sometimes a horizontal arrangement of EOS, frequency of reductions – 128 blows, the sinus respiratory arrhythmia often is found. The cardiogram of heart of children of 7-15 l indicates, that normal ChSS - 65-90 blows, the provision of EOS – vertical or normal, is characteristic a respiratory arrhythmia.