Left ventricle

Left ventricle – one of four cameras of heart of the person in which the big circle of blood circulation providing a continuous blood flow in an organism begins.

Structure and structure of a left ventricle

Being one of heart cameras, the left ventricle in relation to other departments of heart is located kzad, to the left and from top to bottom. Its outer edge roundish also carries the name of a pulmonary surface. The volume of a left ventricle in the course of life increases from 5,5-10 cm3 (at newborns) to 130-210 cm3 (by 18-25 years).

In comparison with a right ventricle left has more pronounced oblong and oval form and is slightly longer also than muskulisty.

In a structure of a left ventricle distinguish two departments:

• The back department which is a cavity of a ventricle and by means of the left venous opening is reported with a cavity of the corresponding auricle;
• The front department – an arterial cone (in the form of the output channel) is reported by an arterial opening with an aorta.

At the expense of a myocardium the wall of a left ventricle in thickness reaches 11-14 mm.

The internal surface of a wall of a left ventricle is covered with fleshy trabeculas (in the form of small ledges) which form network, intertwining among themselves. Trabeculas are less expressed, than in a right ventricle.

Functions of a left ventricle

The big circle of blood circulation which includes all branches, capillary network, and also veins of fabrics and bodies of all organism begins an aorta of a left ventricle of heart and serves for delivery of nutrients and oxygen.

Dysfunction and treatment of a left ventricle

Systolic dysfunction of a left ventricle call decrease in its ability to throw out blood in an aorta from the cavity. It is the most frequent reason of development of heart failure. Systolic dysfunction is caused, as a rule, by the contractility falling leading to decrease in its stroke output.

Diastolic dysfunction of a left ventricle call falling of its ability to pump over in the cavity blood from system of a pulmonary artery (otherwise – to provide diastolic filling). Diastolic dysfunction can lead to development pulmonary secondary venous and arterial hypertension which are shown as:

• Cough;
• Asthma;
• Paroxysmal night диспноэ.

Pathological changes and treatment of a left ventricle

The hypertrophy of a left ventricle belongs to one of typical damages of heart at an idiopathic hypertensia (differently – a cardiomyopathy). Development of a hypertrophy is provoked by changes in a left ventricle that leads to modification of a partition between the left and right ventricles and loss of its elasticity.

At the same time similar changes of a left ventricle are not a disease, and represent one of possible symptoms of development of any type of heart diseases.

Can be the cause of development of a hypertrophy of a left ventricle both an idiopathic hypertensia, and other factors, for example, heart diseases or considerable and frequent loadings. Development of changes of a left ventricle is sometimes noted for many years.

The hypertrophy can provoke the considerable modifications arising in the field of walls of a left ventricle. Along with a thickening of a wall there is a thickening of the partition located between ventricles.

Stenocardia is one of the most widespread signs of a hypertrophy of a left ventricle. As a result of development of pathology the muscle increases in sizes, there is a ciliary arrhythmia, and also are observed:

• Pain in a thorax;
• The increased arterial pressure;
• Headaches;
• Instability of pressure;
• Sleep disorders;
• Arrhythmia;
• Pain in heart;
• Feeling sick and general weakness.

Besides, similar changes of a left ventricle can be symptoms of such diseases as:

• Fluid lungs;
• Inborn heart disease;
• Myocardial infarction;
• Atherosclerosis;
• Heart failure;
• Acute glomerulonephritis.

Treatment of a left ventricle most often has medicamentous character along with observance of a diet and refusal of the available addictions. In certain cases the operative measure connected with removal of the site of a cardiac muscle which underwent a gipertrofirovannost can be required.

To small anomalies of heart, the shown existence in a cavity of ventricles tyazhy (additional connective tissue muscular educations) the false chord of a left ventricle belongs.

Unlike normal chords, false chords of a left ventricle have atypical fastening to an interventricular partition and free walls of ventricles.

Most often existence of a false chord of a left ventricle does not influence quality of life, but in case of their plurality, and also at an unprofitable arrangement they can cause:

• Serious violations of a rhythm;
• Decrease in portability of exercise stresses;
• Relaxation disturbances of a left ventricle.

In most cases treatment of a left ventricle is not required, however it is regularly necessary to be observed at the cardiologist and to carry out prevention of an infectious endocarditis.

One more frequent pathology is the heart left ventricular failure which is observed at a diffusion glomerulonephritis and aortal defects, and also against the background of the following diseases:

• Idiopathic hypertensia;
• Atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis;
• Syphilitic aortitis with defeat of coronal vessels;
• Myocardial infarction.

Insufficiency of a left ventricle can be shown both in an acute form, and in the form of gradually accruing circulatory unefficiency.

The main treatment at a left ventricular failure of heart is:

• High bed rest;
• Long inhalations by oxygen;
• Use of cardiovascular means – Cordiaminum, camphor, strophanthin, Corazolum, Korglykonum.