Eye muscles

Eyes of the person are in an environment of six eye muscles: four straight lines (upper and lower, lateral and medial) and two slanting (upper and lower).

All muscles of an eye, except lower a braid, begin from the tendinous ring located in the thickness of an eye-socket and kpered, forming a cone-shaped muscular funnel disperse. All eye muscles, except upper a braid, are attached to a sclera at once.

The upper oblique eye muscle goes to the cartilaginous block forward. At the block it turns into a sinew and, having passed through a block loop, sharply changes the direction of the movement. Under an upper direct eye muscle it gets into an eyeglobe sclera behind the equator.

The lower oblique eye muscle begins from an internal wall of an orbit and, bending around an eyeglobe, connects to a sclera behind the equator.

The upper oblique eye muscle is innervated by a block nerve, an outside direct eye muscle – the taking-away nerve, and all other muscles are innervated by a third cranial nerve.

Outside muscles of an eye are placed in such order (on increase): the lower oblique eye muscle (thinnest), then an upper slanting, upper straight line, the lower straight line, an outside straight line and an internal straight line – the most powerful muscle.

Functions of muscles of an eye

On the action muscles of an eye are divided into the following groups:

• the lifting muscles (the lower slanting and upper straight line);
• abductors (slanting and outside straight line);
• adductors (lower and internal, upper straight lines);
• the lowering muscles (upper slanting and lower straight line).

As well as skeletal muscles, muscles of an eye can be reduced without shortening (isometric contraction) or with shortening (isotonic contraction).

Thanks to isotonic contraction of an outside direct eye muscle the eyeglobe turns outside. The internal direct eye muscle turns an eyeglobe inside. The lower direct eye muscle turns an eyeglobe down, and an upper direct muscle – up. The lower oblique eye muscle turns an eyeglobe up and outside, and an upper oblique muscle – down and outside.

During bystry movements of an eye eye muscles are reduced with a force of 0,11-0,13 kg. At turn of an eyeglobe the muscle is reduced by forty degrees with a force of 0,045 kg.

The reasons for which muscles of eyes hurt

The frequent reason for which muscles of eyes hurt is their overfatigue. Besides, eye pain can arise because of a scratching of an eye surface contact lenses or because of use of incorrectly chosen glasses. Sometimes muscles of eyes as a result of an overstrain of facial muscles hurt.

Besides, eye pain can be connected directly with eye diseases – a uveitis, conjunctivitis and others. In this case pain quite often is followed by a febricula (nausea, a headache) and a vision disorder.

Training of muscles of eyes

The most efficient means for strengthening of muscles of eyes – fortifying occupations in a combination to special exercises for muscles of eyes.

In house conditions it is recommended to include in training occupations breathing exercises, walking, the movements by hands, exercises for a shoulder girdle, exercise for muscles of an eye, exercise for muscles of legs and a trunk, self-massage of a neck and eyes, relaxation exercise.

The training of muscles of eyes has to include exercises for outside and internal eye muscles.

Training of outside eye muscles:

• in a sitting position slowly to transfer a view from a ceiling of a floor and back, then from left to right and back (to repeat till 10-13 times);
• to carry out rotations by eyes diversely (to repeat 4-7 times), and also frequent blinking within 15-20 seconds.

Training of internal eye muscles:

• on a windowpane to attach a tag of a round form at the level of eyes with a diameter of 4-5 mm at distance of 30 cm from eyes;
• to translate a view of a tag, of any remote subject behind a window.

Exercises for strengthening of muscles of eyes should be carried out twice a day. In the first two days – within three-four minutes, on the third and fourth – five minutes, in the next days – ten minutes.

For prevention and treatment of a myopia (short-sightedness) by the American ophthalmologist U. Bates the set of exercises for each type of a visual disturbance separately, and also general exercises, effective was offered at exhaustion of eyes and at any vision disorders.

Bates considered that points, improving visibility, worsen blood supply of eyes and strengthen a visual disturbance and eye tension.

Bates's gymnastics includes a method of a passive relaxation (visualization, a palming), a method of a dynamic relaxation (solarization, breath and a blinking), a method of the central fixing (analytical watching, glances, rocking and movement, reading a small print, rocking).

Techniques of recovery of sight of Norbekov and Zhdanov, slightly supplementing and altering, copy a technique of the ophthalmologist U. Bates.