Acute abdomen

The acute abdomen is the clinical syndrome developing at acute diseases and injuries of abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space at which the emergency surgical help needs or can be required. The acute abdomen usually is followed by abdominal pains of various intensity and different character, a muscle tension of an abdominal wall, disturbance of motility of intestines. The pseudoabdominal syndrome can imitate a clinical picture of this state. At a pseudoabdominal syndrome the acute pain in a stomach is caused by diseases of the bodies located in an abdominal cavity or out of an abdominal cavity (colitis, gastritis, pyelonephritis, an acute pneumonia, a myocardial infarction). These diseases are followed by a number of symptoms of an acute abdomen, however they are subject to conservative treatment.

Main reasons for development of an acute abdomen

The acute pain in a stomach can develop at acute nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the digestive system (a pancreas, a gall bladder, a worm-shaped shoot). Development of an acute abdomen can be caused by perforation of any body. Perforation usually result from various inflammatory processes or damages of the bodies located in an abdominal cavity.

The acute pain in the bottom of a stomach can be connected with internal bleedings in retroperitoneal space and an abdominal cavity (for example, at a rupture of a uterine tube at an extrauterine pregnancy or at aneurism of a belly part of an aorta). Traumatic ruptures of a spleen, mesenteric vessels and a liver can be also followed by development of an acute abdomen.

The sudden acute pain in a stomach can develop at impassability of intestines. Impassability of intestines can develop at nodulation, torsion of guts, infringement of a gut in outside or internal hernia, invagination, obturation.

Main symptoms of an acute abdomen

The main sign of an acute abdomen is the pain localized and extending on all area of a stomach. At crushing and extensive defeats sharply expressed pain syndrome can be followed by development of painful shock. Pains happen insignificant at a syndrome of an acute abdomen at children of early age, at the exhausted patients.

Vomiting – a frequent symptom of an acute abdomen. It can arise the first minutes or hours of a disease. At irritation of a phrenic nerve the persistent painful hiccups, morbidity sometimes appears when pressing between legs грудино - a clavicular and mastoidal muscle. This state quite often is followed by disturbance of a passage of contents of intestines. The delay of gases and a chair can be connected with dynamic or mechanical impassability of intestines. An important symptom of an acute abdomen is character change a calla. Blood impurity in Calais can be observed at acute disorders of mezenteralny blood circulation.

At diffuse peritonitis, massive bleeding in an abdominal cavity sharp pallor of mucous membranes and skin is usually observed. The indifferent look of the patient, the sunk-down eyes, the pulled-in cheeks, gray skin color are characteristic of the started, severe forms of the diseases proceeding with a clinical picture of an acute abdomen. Intraperitoneal bleeding usually is followed by the expressed tachycardia and a lowering of arterial pressure (up to development of a collapse).

Reasons of development of an acute abdomen in children

The acute abdomen at children most often develops as a result of intestinal impassability and an acute appendicitis.

Acute pain in a stomach – the main symptom of appendicitis. The child becomes sluggish, whimsical, sleeps badly. Appendicitis often is followed by emergence of a liquid chair with slime because of what this disease is often confused to intestinal infection or poisoning. In an onset of the illness pain is localized not in the right ileal area, and in an upper part of a stomach or in paraumbilical area. Development of a disease is not always followed by nausea, vomiting, fervescence.

At development of intestinal impassability the child shouts, there is vomiting, the chair is absent, and gases do not depart. The condition of the child sharply worsens. At children aged from half a year about one year the reason of intestinal impassability it becomes frequent intestinal invagination. Intestinal invagination can be caused by the wrong introduction of a feeding up (surplus of fruit and vegetables). At the acute abdomen connected with intestinal impassability vomiting with impurity of bile or with intestinal contents can develop. At the same time instead of fecal masses the rectum comes out blood with slime.

At an acute pain in a stomach before survey of the doctor it is impossible to give to the child the anesthetizing drugs. Before clarification of the reason of pain it is impossible to feed the child.

If the acute pain in a stomach does not stop within an hour, then it is necessary to cause medical care immediately.

Acute abdomen in gynecology

Acute abdomen in gynecology – the complex of symptoms caused by various pathologies of abdominal organs (small pelvis). Sharp pain in the bottom of a stomach – the main symptom of an acute abdomen in gynecology (pristupoobrazny or constant, various character – pricking, cutting). Emergence of vomiting, dizziness, weakness, bleeding, a hiccups is possible. The acute pain in the bottom of a stomach can be followed by pressure upon an anus and problems with a chair.

The extrauterine pregnancy (more than 48% of cases) is the most frequent reason of development of an acute abdomen in gynecology. The acute pain in the bottom of a stomach can develop at an inflammation of ovaries in an acute shape and an apoplexy of ovaries.

Traumatic damages and disturbance of blood circulation to uterus tissues, and also acute inflammatory processes of internal generative organs (acute adnexitis, torsion of a leg of a cyst or tumor of an ovary, necrosis of a myomatous node of a uterus) can be the cause of an acute abdomen.

This syndrome can appear after uterus operations and appendages, after abortions, and also against the background of infectious diseases in the started form.