First aid in case of accidents

In our everyday life we quite often come up against situations when immediately it is required to give first aid in case of accidents, without waiting for arrival of the doctor. Therefore in each house there shall be a small first-aid kit with a dressing material, burns ointment, tincture of iodine and some medicines.

First aid in case of accidents is a complex of the temporary measures undertaken for relief of sufferings of the victim, prevention of development in it of additional injuries and rescue of his life until rendering the specialized help by doctors.

First aid in case of accidents: general rules

At accident first aid needs to be given in such order:

• Call an ambulance crew;
• Make sure that to the victim and you at assistance danger does not threaten;
• Whenever possible try not to move the victim on other place. Give him incident on-site assistance. If it is impossible, then transfer it extremely carefully and carefully;
• At emergence at the victim of vomiting, it needs to be turned sideways. In this case the probability of hit of emetic masses in respiratory tracts decreases;
• Check whether the victim breathes and whether it has a pulse. If the cardiac standstill is observed and breath, immediately begin to hold resuscitation events (an artificial respiration "from a mouth in a mouth" or "from a mouth in a nose", an indirect cardiac massage). Resuscitation should be carried out without stops until at the victim independent breath and cordial reductions or before arrival of the doctor are not recovered. The basis for the termination of resuscitation actions is the biological death of the victim which only the doctor can state;
• Protect the victim of an atmospheric precipitation. In cold season surely cover it, and during a heat move to a shadow;
• In the presence of bleeding take all necessary measures for its stop (a styptic plait, a compressing bandage);
• Process edges of wounds alcohol, tincture of iodine or brilliant green. Apply a sterile bandage a wound;
• At a fracture of extremities impose the tire which can be manufactured of improvised materials;
• Choose the most optimum way of transportation of the victim in medical institution.

First-aid treatment at various states

The package of measures at first-aid treatment in case of accidents in each case is individual and depends on the nature of an injury, and also on the general condition of the victim. Let's list the most often found situations and first aid at them:

• Loss of consciousness. Make sure that the victim breathes and he kept cordial activity. If there are no breath and pulse, immediately begin to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation;
• Bleeding. Bleeding, insignificant on the force, can be stopped imposing of a compressing bandage. At arterial bleeding (blood follows from a wound pushes and has bright red color) it is necessary to impose a styptic plait above a wound. As it it is possible to use the wide piece of fabric twisted in the form of a plait. It is impossible to use a wire, women's stockings, nylon or ropes! Surely place under a plait a note with the indication of the exact time of its imposing. In summertime it is impossible to hold a plait more than two hours, and in the winter it it is possible to impose a maximum for an hour;
• Thorax wounds. At the getting wounds of a chest cavity air begins to get into a pleural cavity. It leads to the fact that the lung begins to clench, the so-called collapse of a lung develops. For prevention of it apply an occlusive bandage inlet opening. For this purpose on a wound impose a pure piece of a polyethylene film and paste it to skin by means of an adhesive plaster from all directions; It is necessary to Transport the victim lying on the struck side;
• At wounds of an abdominal cavity it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage a wound; If intestines loops outside dropped out, then they cannot try to be set independently back at all. The victim cannot allow to eat, to resolve to smoke;
• For pain relief at burns water the struck surface with cold water until pain does not begin to cease. Do not tear off the clothes which stuck to it from skin. Just cut off it scissors around. The formed bubbles cannot be pierced. Apply a sterile bandage the burned surface and bring the victim to medical institution;
• At freezing injury of the victim it is necessary to bring or bring to the warm room. Affected areas of skin pound vodka before emergence of pink color. Never pound frost-bitten sites snow since acute ice sides will injure in addition skin. As a result of it on it the microscopic wounds which are entrance gate for an infection are formed;
• At poisoning it is necessary to wash out a stomach by "a restaurant method". For this purpose to the victim allow to drink 1,5 – 2,0 liters of warm water then artificially cause vomiting, irritating with fingers a language root. The gastric lavage of the adult requires about 10,0 liters of water. The last portion of washing waters has to be almost pure and not comprise the remains of the eaten food. After washing it is possible to allow to drink a suspension of absorbent carbon (to crush in powder of 6 tablets and to stir the received powder in a glass of water).

First aid in case of accidents: safety

More expensively human life there is nothing. And therefore, the aspiration of each person is clear to give to the victim help, and can be even to save his life. But before starting first-aid treatment at accident, think of own safety.

For example, if the victim was struck by blow with electric current, then before approaching it, it is necessary to disconnect current. At impossibility to make it remove a contact wire from the victim's body by means of any long wooden, and, the most important, a dry stick! Until you remove a wire or do not disconnect electric current do not touch the victim since otherwise you will need first-aid treatment at accident.

If you give help at poisoning of people with carbon monoxide, then you, first of all, should take care of that not to become victims of poisoning. For this purpose it is necessary to provide inflow of fresh air to the room, having opened in it windows and doors. If it cannot be made (at the fire, in the mine, etc.) and there is no opportunity to work in a gas mask, then put on the person a mask from several layers of the fabric which is well moistened in water. As soon as possible pull out the victim on fresh air and leave a dangerous zone. Only after that you can directly start rendering first aid to it.

It is necessary to be careful also at assistance to the person in a condition of acute psychosis. In this state it is capable to put not only itself(himself), but also persons interested to help it to people serious injuries.