Spirometry
Spirometry call the ventilating test which is carried out for diagnosis of a condition of respiratory system. The spirometry gives the chance to measure the volume of respiratory system, volume speed of an air flow and their ratio, vital capacity of lungs, capacity of an exit and entrance, maximal ventilation.
The spirometry gives the chance to reveal diseases of lungs and cardiovascular pathologies, to estimate their weight, efficiency of treatment. Besides the test helps to learn to breathe correctly.
It is considered that smokers need to study annually spirometry: inspection will help to reveal pulmonary dysfunction at an early stage, to carry out differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma, obstructive chronic diseases of lungs, a sarcoidosis.
This diagnostic method has no contraindications including age limits: carry out spirometry at children and at adults.
Order of carrying out inspection at spirometry
The spirometry is carried out by means of the special device for continuous graphic record of change of volumes of the exhaled and inhaled air – the spirocount. For each patient put on a new one-time mouthpiece the device.
The examinee ask to make very deep breath, to hold the breath, to nestle a mouth as it is possible more densely to a mouthpiece (record on the device from this point begins to be kept) and evenly and to quietly exhale all gathered air. It can take about 15 seconds the patients having a chronic obstructive disease of lungs. After a quiet exhalation the patient needs to make the same, but to make a best effort.
The patient repeats the similar procedure two more times, and the received three groups of indicators are used by the doctor for interpretation of spirometry.
Spirometry indicators
The majority of indicators of spirometry are expressed percentage of average values of physiological sizes. Norma hesitates within 80-120%. In interpretation of spirometry it is possible to meet such indicators:
- respiratory volume – the volume of the air coming for one breath to lungs at a quiet exhalation. Norm – 500-800ml;
- ZhEL - the vital capacity of lungs – the lung volume which leaves at an exhalation. This indicator significantly goes down at restrictive diseases of lungs;
- FZhEL1-the forced vital capacity of lungs. This indicator of spirometry is similar previous, but the patient needs to make an exhalation at the greatest possible speed and with the greatest possible effort.
- OFV1 - the volume of the forced exhalation in 1 second. Amount of air which leaves lungs in the first second of an exhalation, with a best effort. These data of spirometry at children and adults reflect a condition of big respiratory tracts, are expressed in a percentage ratio from the vital capacity of lungs. Norm of the forced exhalation – 75%.
- Tiffno's index. A percentage ratio of OFV1 to FZhEL. Its norm – 70% and more.
- Average volume speed. It is measured as a percentage – 25-75%. Shows in what state there are small respiratory tracts. Volume speed is useful to identification of early obstructive disturbances.
- Peak of volume speed on an exhalation. The maximum speed which the person can show at the strengthened exhalation.
- Passability of respiratory tracts. Depends on effort of muscles, displays in what state there are respiratory tracts at the level of large bronchial tubes, tracheas.
As all these indicators undertake at the patient three times, at interpretation of spirometry the doctor takes the best result for the analysis and compares it to norm indicators for the corresponding group of people: in attention growth, a sex, age of the patient undertakes.
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