Tracheobronchitis

General characteristic of a disease

The tracheobronchitis is the inflammatory process proceeding in bronchial tubes, a trachea or bronchioles. The disease is characterized by bystry distribution with damage of a mucous membrane of bodies. In most cases the tracheobronchitis which treatment is carried out by competent, qualified specialists completely disappears within several weeks then the affected mucous membrane of upper respiratory tracts is recovered.

Allocate an acute, allergic and chronic tracheobronchitis. The acute form very seldom is an independent disease. Most often it follows one of clinical stages ORZ, measles, whooping cough, an acute pneumonia or a typhoid.

As for infection sources, the tracheobronchitis arises owing to infection with an aerogenic, bronchogenic or hematogenous way.

Acute tracheobronchitis

The acute tracheobronchitis represents a diffusion inflammation of a mucous membrane of a trachea and other bodies of upper respiratory tracts. Among the main reasons for a disease It should be noted factors which reduce body resistance to influence of aggressive external environment and causative agents of respiratory diseases. The most often acute tracheobronchitis is caused by viruses and bacteria: stafilokokka, streptococci, pneumococci. Also the disease is shown after overcooling of an organism, excessive smoking, alcohol intake, deformations of a nasal cavity and a thorax.

If the acute tracheobronchitis is diagnosed for the person, treatment has to be carried out as soon as possible. Otherwise, the patient is waited by numerous complications in the form of bronchial impassability, a hyperemia, severe defeats of fabrics of walls of bronchial tubes.

Symptoms of an acute bronchitis:

• sadneniye in a thorax;
• dry, hysterical cough;
• dry rattles and rigid breath;
• asthma;
• severe pains in lower parts of a thorax which are explained by an overstrain of muscles as a result of constant cough;
• at severe forms of a disease allocation of a mucopurulent or purulent phlegm is possible;
• temperature increase which remains at the high level within several days.

In case of damage of bronchioles, the acute tracheobronchitis at children and adults proceeds with heavy complications, quite often progressing in a chronic tracheobronchitis.

If at the patient painful cough with department of a mucous and bloody phlegm, and also the asthma reaching suffocation is observed, then with rather high probability it is possible to diagnose for it a toksiko-chemical tracheobronchitis. Symptoms of a disease are similar to symptoms of some other diseases of upper respiratory tracts therefore inspection of the patient includes radiological diagnosis and blood test.

Allergic tracheobronchitis

The allergic tracheobronchitis which treatment needs to be carried out only after elimination of causes of illness is characterized by acute inflammatory upper respiratory tract infections. Activators are pneumococci, staphylococcus, streptococci and other microorganisms. Besides, respiratory factors exert impact on emergence and a course of a disease: defeat of bodies industrial or chemical warfare agents, and also some medicines (bromic potassium, iodide potassium).

Allergic tracheobronchitis – disease symptoms:

• burning, pain behind a breast;
• the dry cough which sometimes is followed by a phlegm of mucous character;
• the general aggravation of symptoms of the person – weakness, slackness, a loss of appetite;
• temperature increase, however, in the majority a case it is absolutely insignificant;
• emergence and development of focal pneumonia.

Chronic tracheobronchitis

In the absence of timely treatment acute or allergic forms of a disease flow in a chronic tracheobronchitis. Treatment of patients is carried out against the background of the periods of an aggravation and remission, can be complicated by development of the accompanying diseases, in particular, of chronic bronchitis.

The chronic tracheobronchitis proves hypertrophic or atrophic changes of a mucous membrane of a trachea, plentiful cough not less than 3 months in a year, allocation of a serous and purulent phlegm, constant pains in a breast.

Tracheobronchitis at children

As is well-known children often have a SARS. One of complications of infections is also the tracheobronchitis. The contributing factors of development of a disease also are: developments of stagnation in vessels of lungs, rickets, immunodeficiency, a hypotrophy, decrease in protective properties of almonds.

The tracheobronchitis at children needs to be distinguished from laryngitis and virus damages of upper airways. The most typical symptoms of a disease are attacks of dry cough (especially at night), existence of dry and not wet rattles in lungs when listening, short-term temperature increase and the general aggravation of symptoms of the child.

Tracheobronchitis – treatment and forecasts

At an acute form it is necessary to air several times a day the room not to allow overheating of the patient. If the acute tracheobronchitis proceeds with complications, to the patient antibiotics (Oxacillinum, penicillin, Methicillinum) are appointed. The drugs produced in the form of spray as they easily get into the remote areas of upper respiratory tracts are most effective and are distributed on all area of walls of bronchial tubes or tracheas.

Not heavy disease assumes refusal of antibiotics in favor of sulfanamide drugs. Their dosage depends on age and the patient's weight. As a rule, the course of treatment lasts no more than 6-7 days. It is also recommended to apply adrenaline inhalation 1-2 times a day.

In some cases the tracheobronchitis leads to circulatory disturbances. In such situations intravenous administration of strophanthin, solution of glucose or other cardiacs is shown to the patient. If the tracheobronchitis at children proceeds with disturbances of a respiratory rhythm or an apnoea, prescribe them Cytitonum and lobelias. Drugs are entered intravenously.

At severe forms of a disease the oxygenotherapy is shown to patients. For holding this procedure the special equipment which enters oxygen into the patient's organism at regular intervals is used. In case of a hyperthermia to the patient in addition appoint 1% solution of pyramidon or aminazine. The use of antihistaminic drugs is admissible. Sometimes prescribe children of chest age hypothiazid for dehydration. A certain positive effect arises from reception of vitamins, especially ascorbic acid and vitamins of group B.

What to do if the allergic tracheobronchitis is diagnosed for the person? Treatment in this case is made by means of expectorants, alkaline inhalations, antihistaminic drugs, physiotherapy exercises, heat foot baths and folk remedies.

On an allergic and acute tracheobronchitis forecasts, as a rule, favorable. The chronic form of a disease demands an integrated approach, and efficiency of treatment depends on extent of damage of internals, duration of a disease and some other factors.