B12 vitamin

B12 vitamin – water-soluble vitamin of group B. Unlike other substances of this group it can collect in a human body, most of all in a liver, a spleen, lungs and kidneys. It is soaked up in a small intestine, deposited in a liver.

As a part of it the cobalt ion, from here and other name – cyanocobalamin, or cobalamine contains. Cyanocobalamin is steady against effect of light and high temperature, and remains in food stuffs at their heat treatment better.

Content of B12 vitamin in products

Activity of cyanocobalamin is very big, and the amount of B12 vitamin in products is measured in mkg. Respectively the need for it at the person small.

Amount of B12 vitamin in products (mkg / 100г):

• Beef liver – 60;
• Heart – 25;
• Oysters – 18;
• Trout – 7,5;
• Herring – 13;
• Cheese Russian – 1,5;
• Sardines in oil – 8,5;
• Meat of a rabbit – 4,3;
• Beef – 3,0;
• Grouper – 2,4;
• Cod – 1,6;
• Dutch Cheese – 1,1;
• Cheese Redneck – 1,4;
• Cottage cheese – 1,0;
• Egg – 0,5;
• Cow's milk – 0,4;
• Kefir – 0,4;
• Butter – 0,1.

The main source of this vitamin for an organism – animal products. A little cobalamine is synthesized in intestines by own microflora. Very small amounts contain in soy, hop, a tops of vegetable, spinach, a green salad.

Norms of consumption of B12 vitamin

The age defines the daily need for cyanocobalamin. So, at babies up to 6 months it makes 0,4 mkg/days, children have from 6 to 12 months – 0,5 mkg/days, from 1 to 3 years this requirement increases to 1 mkg/days, from 4 to 6 years – to 1,5 mkg/days. Children at the age of 7-10 years need 2 mkg of vitamin B days, to teenagers of 11-17 years, as well as adult – 3 mkg/days. At pregnant women and the nursing women requirement is higher – 4 mkg/days.

Also other designation of amount of B12 vitamin – in the international units (IU) meets. 1ME corresponds to activity of 1 mkg of cyanocobalamin.

Metabolism of cobalamine in an organism is made very slowly, and formation of its deficit requires not less than 5-6 years. If the person accepts potassium drugs, then a hypovitaminosis forms several times quicker.

If the person smokes, takes alcohol or is a vegetarian, then the need for B12 vitamin increases.

At the excess use of sweet, carbonated drinks, and also at chronic diarrhea absorption of cyanocobalamin from intestines worsens, so, its receipt in an organism decreases.

If the person uses many various medicines, and especially contraceptives, the cyanocobalamin consumption increases.

Value of B12 vitamin in an organism

B12 vitamin plays a significant role in biological processes of an organism, together with other vitamins participates in exchange of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, and also:

• Participates in formation of cells of red blood – erythrocytes;
• Promotes removal from an organism of a gomotsistein – the amino acid promoting developing of strokes and myocardial infarctions;
• Reduces the content of fats and cholesterol in an organism;
• Improves availability of oxygen to cells at a hypoxia;
• Takes part in regeneration of the damaged fabrics, participating in synthesis of nucleic acids;
• Promotes formation of active forms of vitamin A;
• Participates in formation of hormone of melatonin which regulates biorhythms;
• Exerts impact on reproductive system of men – increases the maintenance of spermatozoa in gonads;
• Regulates work of immune system;
• Is the catalyst of biochemical transformations of organic acids as a result of which the myelin – a cover of nerve fibrils is formed.

B12 vitamin is very important for hair, for their growth and healthy outward.

Lack of B12 vitamin

Hypovitaminosis forms at insufficient intake of cyanocobalamin with food, disturbance of its absorption, at reception of some drugs. Signs of its insufficiency are the following symptoms:

• Low hemoglobin content, thrombocytes and leukocytes;
• Disturbances of work of the alimentary system;
• Fatigue, irritability, depression;
• Feeling of numbness of extremities and difficulty when walking;
• Stomatitises, glossites;
• Headaches;
• Vision disorders;
• Painful periods.

The lack of B12 vitamin for hair leads to their loss and early canities.

Excess of B12 vitamin

The hypervitaminosis of cyanocobalamin forms seldom, at non-compliance with a dosage during reception of B12 vitamin in tablets or at its parenteral administration.

Main symptoms of overdose:

• Fluid lungs;
• Vein thrombosis;
• Small tortoiseshell or acute anaphylaxis;
• Heart failure.

Use of cyanocobalamin with the medical purpose

As medicine B12 vitamin in ampoules or tablets is applied at such diseases as hepatitis, anemia, radiculitis, a polyneuritis, chronic pancreatitis, multiple sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, a radial illness, a cerebral palsy, injuries of peripheral nerves, skin and allergic diseases.

B12 vitamin in tablets is better soaked up at a concomitant use with folic acid. It is used in therapy of anemias in a dose from 30 to 200 mkg a day every other day, before achievement of remission.

B12 vitamin in ampoules is used for intravenous, intramuscular, intralyumbalny and hypodermic administration.

At neurologic pathology, including with a pain syndrome, B12 vitamin from 0,2 to 0,5 mg on an injection according to the accruing scheme, 1 time in 2 days enter, a course up to 2 weeks.

Contraindications

Do not use B12 vitamin in ampoules and tablets in case of a thromboembolism, a hyperglobulia, individual intolerance. Careful use is demanded by the accompanying stenocardia.