Exudate

The exudate is the morbid condition which is characterized by accumulation of any biological liquid in one of perigastriums. The exudate represents a symptom of an inflammation or excess of blood in internals or fabrics, and treatment has to be directed to elimination of a basic disease.

Pleural exudate

The pleural exudate is followed by thorax pain and an asthma. This accumulation of the following liquids in a pleural cavity:

• Blood. The hemothorax can occur owing to injuries of a thorax, an aortic aneurysm or disturbances of system of a blood coagulation;
• Pus. The empyema is a complication of pneumonia, a rupture of a gullet, abscess of an abdominal cavity or operation;
• Lymph. The chylous hydrothorax arises at various damages of the main lymphatic channel or at its obstruction by a tumor.

Diseases which can provoke a pleural exudate:

• Thorax injuries;
• Heart operations;
• Tumors;
• Heart failure;
• Embolism of a pulmonary artery;
• Pneumonia;
• Tuberculosis;
• Histoplasmosis;
• Cryptococcosis;
• Zymonematosis;
• Koktsioidomikoz;
• Pancreatitis;
• Cirrhosis;
• Pseudorheumatism;
• Abscess under a diaphragm;
• System lupus erythematosus;
• Low blood protein content.

Incorrect introduction of intravenous catheters or plastic tubes, and also some medicines – гидралазин, procaineamide, an isoniazid, Phenytoinum and others can become the reason of an exudate.

Diagnosis of accumulation of liquids in a pleural cavity includes:

• X-ray inspection of a thorax – reveals liquid;
• The computer tomography – confirms results of X-ray, finds abscess of lungs, pneumonia or a tumor;
• Ultrasound – defines an arrangement of the smallest amount of pleural liquid that facilitates to the doctor its drainage.

In cases when the source of a pleural exudate did not manage to be revealed during these procedures, carry out a puncture, a biopsy or a bronkhoskopiya. The puncture allows to establish existence in chemical composition of liquid of mushrooms, bacteria and malignant cells. For this purpose a needle separate liquid, at the same time draining a cavity. If the sample for diagnosis is not enough, then do an open biopsy of a pleura – cut a thorax a little and take fabric by means of a toratoskop. Sometimes resort to a bronkhoskopiya – direct visual studying of respiratory tracts by means of the bronchoscope. Statistically, in 20% of cases of the reason of an exudate it is not possible to define.

Depending on weight of an exudate excesses of liquid eliminate with a needle, a catheter or the plastic tube connected to drainage system.

Exudate of a knee joint

The exudate of a knee joint is usually caused by inflammatory diseases, injuries or excessive loadings. For definition of the reasons of accumulation of liquid in a knee it is required to study its sample. Emergence of an exudate in a joint is caused by such factors as age, obesity and a kind of activity. The risk increases after 55 years as at elderly there are diseases of joints more often. Additional load of knees can arise at people with an excess weight or at professional athletes. Over time overloads lead to injuries of a cartilage, and it is a common cause of an exudate.

Liquid can collect after fractures of bones, a rupture of a meniscus or sheaves, and also at chronic diseases:

• Wrong coagulability of blood;
• Tumors;
• To cyst;
• Osteoarthrosis;
• Bursitis;
• Pseudorheumatism;
• Septic arthritis;
• To gout;
• To pseudogout.

Exudate signs in a joint are:

• Puffiness. Around a patella swelling of fabrics which is especially noticeable when comparing a sore and healthy knee is observed;
• Constraint. Excess of liquid obstructs the free traffic of a joint and does not allow to straighten a leg completely;
• Pain. The exudate can limit movement. Sometimes pain leads to the fact that the person cannot get on feet.

Diagnosis consists in carrying out a number of procedures:

• X-ray. Shows symptoms of arthritis, destruction of a joint, fractures of bones;
• Ultrasound. Reveals diseases of sinews and sheaves;
• Magnetic and resonant tomography. Defines insignificant injuries of joints and fabrics.

Blood test, aspiration of a joint and arthroscopy belong to invasive methods. Blood test allows to diagnose the infectious and inflammatory diseases accompanying an exudate, for example, Lyme's disease or gout. Aspiration of a joint, or артроцентез, is carried out in order that in the accumulated liquid to check presence of bacteria, blood, crystals of uric acid and other inclusions. Samples can be also taken in time of survey of a surface of a joint by means of an artroskop who is entered into a joint.

Drug treatment of an exudate of a knee joint is intended to remove its initial cause, and in hard cases surgical intervention can consist to liquid or replacement of a joint at a distance.

Exudate in a small basin

The exudate in a small basin is accumulation of free liquid which can be observed and is normal. For example, at women right after an ovulation liquid contents from the become torn follicle get to space behind a uterus, and in 2-3 days disappear. This sign is used at treatment of infertility as a peculiar marker of an ovulation.

The following pathologies can be the reasons of an exudate:

• Liver diseases;
• Endometriosis;
• Rupture of an oothecoma;
• Purulent salpingitis;
• Extrauterine pregnancy;
• Malignant tumor;
• Bleedings in an abdominal cavity of any origin.

Diagnosis is carried out generally by means of ultrasonography. Treatment can be conservative or operational depending on the accompanying diseases.

Existence of an exudate in a joint, pleural cavity or in a small pelvis is an important diagnostic symptom of various inflammatory diseases and demands the immediate address to the doctor.