Anatomo-fiziologichesky features of children

The children's organism is in a development stage. Practically all its systems: respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal and muscular, endocrine, etc., – stay in a stage of steady growth. Unlike the adult, the kid, the child, the teenager has absolutely other indicators which differ from each other eventually. Age anatomo-physiological features of children need to be considered at diagnosis of morbid conditions and diseases.

Differences in a structure and functioning of a human body in a growth period and maturing predetermine a difference of approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Therefore in medicine there is a separate science – pediatrics which is subdivided into several disciplines:

• The neonatology – is engaged in treatment of newborns;
• The medicine of teenage age – studies the period of maturing of a human body.

Considering anatomo-physiological features of children, practically all medical disciplines have separate specialization as that children's surgery, otolaryngology, stomatology, neurology and so on.

Anatomo-physiological features of children in pharmacology are most visually looked through. The medical supplies suitable for treatment of adults are not always useful to children therefore they are prohibited to use in pediatrics in certain age periods.

Anatomo-fiziologichesky features of development of children

After the birth growth and weight of the child increase almost in a geometrical progression. So, on the second year of life about one centimeter and 200-250 g increases every month. By third year of life a physical activity which demands the most part of energy increases. At this time there is a maturing and formation of internals. From a musculoskeletal system anatomo-physiological features of development of children consist in rather bystry ossification of cartilaginous tissues. First of all the periosteum therefore changes at children are made as "branch" when the broken bone "hangs" on the whole periosteum is exposed to ossification. The change at the child grows together much quicker, than at the adult. Growth of a skeleton at the person continues till 21 year.

Anatomo-fiziologichesky features of children at teenage age cause such states which though are not norm, but do not cause serious fears for health of the child. Recently, in connection with acceleration, the skeleton grows much quicker, than several decades ago. Cases of sudden unconscious states at teenagers, especially male become frequent. As an explanation of similar cases serve anatomo-physiological features of children of present time. When there is a growth of a bone tissue – physiological age extension – vessels "do not manage" to burgeon in such quantity to provide with oxygen and food muscular tissue. As the consumption of nutrients sharply increases, inflow of oxygen to a brain is reduced, especially in vertical position of a body. As a result the child faints. If something similar occurs at the adult, it testifies to serious pathology.

At the child in development of these or those states integuments which area in relation to internals is much more, than at the adult have an important role. And here anatomo-physiological features of children generate in most cases unreasonable fears for health of the child. The matter is that hypodermic cellulose at the child is developed insufficiently as processes of growth do not provide fatty deposits. This feature gives the soil for development of diathesis and spasms at feverish states.

In the first years of life the neuromuscular system of the child is in a condition of a hyper tone therefore at the kid tendon jerks which at the adult are considered as pathological are defined. These are also anatomo-physiological features of children which should not be confused to diseases of a nervous system.

The alimentary system is improved within several years. At food of the child ability of digestive tract to digestion of these or those products is considered. Only eruptions of all teeth confirms readiness for inclusion in food of "adult" products which demand enough bilious juice and digestive enzymes.

Age anatomo-physiological features of children

The age of children is subdivided into the separate periods of life, and each of them has the features, both in anatomy, and in physiology:

• Infancy (since the birth up to one year of life). Development of a nervous system, in particular, of the visual analyzer is of the greatest interest. Age anatomo-physiological features of children are that that after the birth till second week of life the child sees all objects in the turned state. Therefore the newborn's look "floating" as it is difficult to child to focus sight, "to compare" the external picture with the visual analyzer of the highest nervous system;
• Early children's age (1-3 years). During this period anatomo-physiological features of children consist in change of internal environment of an organism. Indicators of blood tests and urine are given closer to adult norms. Hemadens begin to function. At this age traits of character of the person and inborn diseases are defined;
• Teenage period. Anatomo-fiziologichesky features of children are most expressed in emergence of secondary sexual characteristics at this time. This age is characterized by formation of abstract and analytical thinking.

At delivery of health care anatomo-physiological features of children are always considered, other approaches, tools and medicines are used absolutely.