Augmentin

Augmentin – the antibiotic of a broad spectrum of activity influencing both on gram-negative and on gram-positive bacteria.

Form of release and structure

The antibiotic is released in the following forms:

• Tablets in a film cover: an oval form, white or almost white, on a break – from white-yellowish till almost white color, on 250 mg (250+125), with the pressed text on one party of the tablet "AUGMENTIN" (in blisters on 10 pieces, in a cardboard pack 2 blisters); on 500 mg (500+125), with the squeezed-out text of "AC" and risky on one party (in blisters on 7 or 10 pieces, in a cardboard pack 2 blisters); on 875 mg (875+125), with letters "A" and "C" on both sides of a tablet and risky a break on the one hand (in blisters on 7 pieces, in a cardboard pack 2 blisters);
• Powder for preparation of suspension for oral administration: white or almost white, with a characteristic smell; at cultivation suspension (white or almost white) in which the deposit is at rest formed turns out (in glass bottles, on 1 bottle with a measured cap in a cardboard pack);
• Powder for preparation of solution for intravenous administration: from white till almost white color (in a pack of cardboard 10 bottles).

As active agents in Augmentin the clavulanic acid combination (in the form of potassium salt) and amoxicillin is used (in the form of sodium salt).

1 tablet contains:

• Active agents: clavulanic acid – 125 mg, amoxicillin (in the form of trihydrate) – 250, 500 or 875 mg;
• Excipients: carboxymethylstarch of sodium, silicon dioxide colloid, magnesium stearate, cellulose microcrystallic.

Are a part of a film cover of tablets: gipromelloza, gipromelloza (5 Wednesday), macrogoal 6000, macrogoal 4000, диметикон, titanium dioxide.

5 ml of ready suspension for oral administration contain:

• Active agents (an amoxicillin ratio (in the form of trihydrate) to clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt)): 125 mg / 31,25 mg, 200 mg / 28,5 mg, 400 mg / 57 mg;
• Excipients: gipromelloza, xanthane gum, succinic acid, aspartame, silicon dioxide colloid, fragrances (orange 1, orange 2, crimson, "Light treacle"), silicon dioxide.

1 bottle (1200 mg) of solution for intravenous administration contains active agents:

• Amoxicillin (in the form of sodium salt) – 1000 mg;
• Clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) – 200 mg.

Indications to use

Augmentin appoint at the infections of bacterial character caused by the microorganisms showing sensitivity to an antibiotic:

• Infections of skin, soft tissues;
• Respiratory infections: bronchitis, share bronchial pneumonia, empyema, abscess of lungs;
• Infections of urinogenital system: cystitis, an urethritis, pyelonephritis, abortion sepsis, syphilis, gonorrhea, infections of bodies in a small pelvis;
• Infections of bones and joints: osteomyelitis;
• Dontogenous infections: periodontitis, dontogenous maxillary sinusitis, heavy dental abscesses;
• The infections which arose as a complication after operations: peritonitis.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, other components of drug and beta лактамным to antibiotics (cephalosporins, penicillin) in the anamnesis;
• The previous cases of jaundice or disturbance of work of a liver when using a combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in the anamnesis;
• The children's age up to 12 years and body weight is less than 40 kg (tablets);
• Children's age up to 3 months (powder for preparation of suspension for intake of 400 mg / 57 mg and 200 mg / 28,5 mg);
• Renal failures (powder for preparation of suspension for intake of 200 mg / 28,5 mg and 400 mg / 57 mg; tablets of 875 mg / 125 mg);
• Fenilketonuriya (powder for preparation of suspension for intake).

In case of an abnormal liver function Augmentin it is necessary to take with caution.

At pregnancy and breastfeeding the decision on need of use of drug is made by the attending physician.

Route of administration and dosage

Before Augmentin's appointment it is recommended to undergo inspection on detection of sensitivity of the microflora which caused a disease to this antibiotic. Further the doctor sets the dosing mode taking into account age of the patient, his weight, function of kidneys, and also severity of a disease.

The minimum effective course of treatment – 5 days, the maximum duration of therapy without correction of a clinical situation – 2 weeks. It is necessary to accept drug at the beginning of meal.

In case of need at first Augmentin is entered parenterally, then oral administration can be appointed.

The recommended doses:

• Children are more senior than 12 years and adults: in case of infections easy and moderate severity – 1 tablet (250 mg +125 mg) 3 times a day; at heavy or persistent infections – 1 tablet (500 mg +125 mg) 3 times a day or 1 tablet (875 mg +125 mg) 2 times a day;
• Children from 3 months to 12 years (weighing up to 40 kg): the daily dose is defined, proceeding from the body weight and age (in ml – for suspension, or mg/kg/days). The calculated size should be divided into 3 receptions with a 8-hour interval, or on 2 – with 12-hour.

Augmentin it is necessary to accept strictly in the doses appointed by the doctor, observing the ordered reception mode.

Side effects

Augmentin's use in rare instances can cause the following (preferential easy and tranzitorny) side effects:

• System of a hemopoiesis: thrombocytopenia, a leukopenia (including a neutropenia), hemolitic anemia and an agranulocytosis (reversible), increase in a prothrombin ratio and bleeding time;
• Immune system: allergic reactions in the form of an anaphylaxis, the Quincke's disease, a syndrome similar to a serum disease, Stephens-Johnson's syndrome, an allergic vasculitis, a toxic epidermal necrolysis, violent exfoliative dermatitis, an acute generalized exanthematous pustulez. Augmentin's use should be stopped at emergence of any of forms of allergic dermatitis;
• Skin manifestations: rash, urticaria, mnogoformny erythema;
• Central nervous system: hyperactivity and spasms (reversible), headache, dizziness;
• Liver: cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, average increase in the ACT and/or ALT levels (these side effects arise in the course of therapy or right after it, most often at elderly patients and at men (at prolonged treatment), at children – it is very rare, and are reversible);
• Urinary system: crystalluria, intersticial nephrite.

Very often Augmentin's use can become the diarrhea reason at adults and children, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia (these digestive disturbances can be reduced if to accept drug during food).

Occasionally, at the children accepting suspension coloring of a covering layer of enamel of teeth can change.

Microbiological influence of Augmentin becomes frequent the reason of candidiasis of mucous membranes, in rare instances can cause hemorrhagic and pseudomembranous colitis.

Analogs

Antibiotics with the same active ingredients: Amoxiclav, Arlette, Klamosar, Baktoklav, Verklav, Liklav, Panklav, Rapiklav, Ranklav, Medoklav, Flemoklav Solyutab, Ekoklav, Fibell.

The analogs close to Augmentin on the mechanism of influence, one pharmpodgruppa: Ампиокс, Ampisid, Libaktsil, Oksamp, Oksampitsin, Oksamsar, Sulbatsin, Sultasin, Santaz, etc.

Terms and storage conditions

To store at a temperature up to 25 °C, in the dry place unavailable to children.

Period of validity:

• Tablets with the content of amoxicillin of 875 mg and 250 mg – 2 years;
• Tablets with the content of amoxicillin of 500 mg – 3 years;
• Powder for preparation of solution for intravenous administration – 2 years;
• Powder for preparation of suspension in not opened look – 2 years;
• The prepared suspension (at a temperature within 2 - 8 °C) – 7 days.