Diffusion changes of a thyroid gland

The thyroid gland is a body of endocrine system. Gland is located on the front surface of a neck. It consists of two shares and an isthmus located before a trachea. Quite often (in 30% of cases) there is a pyramidal share going up from one of side shares (a thicket left) or an isthmus. The mass of a thyroid gland is normal of 15-30 g. The structure of a normal thyroid gland is always homogeneous. All fabric of gland is presented by segments of 0,5-1 mm in the diameter. Morphological unit of a thyroid gland is the follicle (bubble). Walls of follicles consist of thyrocytes, and the gleam is filled with a colloid. The main function of thyrocytes is synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones in blood. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine belong to these hormones. Thyroid hormones influence development and functioning of the central nervous system, they raise an albuminolysis, fats and a glycogen, and also render some other effects in an organism. In a thyroid gland S-cells which cosecrete кальциотонин are located. This hormone influences calcium exchange, stimulating its transition to a bone. Thus, functions of hormones of a thyroid gland are diverse, and value of this gland for an organism cannot be revaluated.

Focal and diffusion changes of a thyroid gland

Unfortunately, there is a number of diseases of this endocrine organ. A part from these diseases increase function of a thyroid gland, causing excess synthesis of hormones, others reduce production of hormones, and glands, the third on hormonal activity, do not influence. Morphologically diseases can be in the form of diffusion changes of a thyroid gland or in the form of focal defeats. Focal changes are the node surrounded with not changed gland fabric. Pathology only of a part of gland can be at the nodal, mixed craw, adenoma and cancer of a thyroid gland. Such changes of a thyroid gland are not an independent disease. The local craw, a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, a subacute thyroiditis, a diffusion toxic craw, the mixed craw become the reason of diffusion changes thyroid zhelezychashche all. Insufficient intake of iodine in an organism or inflammatory reaction is the cornerstone of diffusion changes of fabric. The iodine deficiency is most often observed in local regions where the soil and water are insufficiently rich with this microelement. Many areas in the Russian Federation belong to local regions. The inflammation in gland fabric most often has autoimmune character, that is destruction happens because of pathological aggression of own immunity of the person.

Diagnosis of diffusion changes of fabric of gland

To reveal diffusion changes of a thyroid gland or its local defeat, carry out a palpation (palpation by hands) body. As gland is located superficially, the palpation can give a lot of valuable information on a condition of body. This inspection is carried out in position of the patient facing the doctor. The patient sits, costs or lies. At a palpation nodes or diffusion changes of a thyroid gland come to light. Gland sizes, its density, uniformity of structure are estimated. Signs of diffusion changes of a thyroid gland are density and heterogeneity of a surface of body without the expressed focal changes, an illegibility of contours, gland volume is often increased.

Ultrasonic signs of diffusion changes of a thyroid gland

More information on structure of a thyroid gland is given by the visualizing inspection methods. The most widespread method for visualization of tissue of thyroid gland is ultrasonography (ultrasonography, an ekhografiya). This research is widely available and safe. From the conclusion of BONDS diagnosis the patient for the first time learns about existence at it diffusion changes of a thyroid gland. The indication for carrying out this research is suspicion of pathology of a thyroid gland. Hormonal disturbances, complaints or results of survey can form the basis. In the absence of data in favor of pathology of a thyroid gland of ultrasonography it is not carried out as it is not a screening research. Unfortunately, now many patients independently make the decision to undergo ultrasonography of a thyroid gland. The obtained data on heterogeneity of structure, follicular changes or diffusion heterogeneity become the nervousness reason for the patient and unjustified interventions.

During ultrasonic examination of shares of a thyroid gland determine their sizes, further on a special formula calculate the volume of a thyroid gland. Then the ekhostruktura and echogenicity of a thyroid gland is estimated. Ekhostruktura can be homogeneous and heterogeneous. The homogeneous structure is characterized by hypodispersion of the reflected echo signals, identical by the size and an arrangement. Neodnorodnayaekhostruktura represents unevenly located alternating echo signals of various intensity and the sizes. Echogenicity of gland is compared to echogenicity of surrounding fabrics. It can be average (normal), raised and lowered. Increase in echogenicity can be at increase in a share of connecting fabric in a thyroid gland. Sites of the raised calcium adjournment also have a povyshennuyuekhogennost. The Povyshennayaekhogennost can be at increase in content of liquid in iron, an excess krovenapolneniye, increase in a share of thyrocytes. Local changes are separately described. Thus, by results of ultrasonography the doctor does the conclusion about existence of diffusion changes of gland if the heterogeneous ekhostruktura of fabric raised or the lowered echogenicity is found. Other visualizing techniques – magnetic and resonant and computer tomographies. They are used much less often because of smaller availability and potential danger to the patient. These tomographies can form the basis for diagnosis of diffusion or focal defeats of fabric of gland as these methods estimate structure and density of body.

Treatment diffusion changes of a thyroid gland

The reasons of diffusion changes of a thyroid gland different, respectively and therapy can be different. Treatment of diffusion changes of a thyroid gland at a local craw is carried out by means of iodine drugs. In case of lack of effect add the hormonal drug L-thyroxine to treatment. At a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis conservative treatment is appointed only at existence of a hypothyroidism. As well treatment of a diffusion toxic craw aims to suppress excess synthesis of hormones a thyroid gland. Treatment of diffusion changes of a thyroid gland at these diseases is not carried out. In case of significant increase in gland and a prelum of surrounding fabrics operation is applied.