Spondylitis

The spondylitis combines group of chronic diseases of a backbone and the joints of an inflammatory etiology causing decrease in density of bones and heavy bone deformations. In most cases the spondylitis is result of a tuberculosis infection, but also the diseases caused by osteomyelitis, syphilis and other primary inflammatory centers in an organism meet.

Types of a spondylitis

The ankylosing spondylitis (differently called by Bekhterev's disease) represents a chronic general disease of joints and a rachis. This type of a spondylitis arises against the background of constantly recurrent inflammatory phenomena in joints and a backbone. Cases when the disease of an ankylosing spondylitis leads to a full immovability of a backbone are frequent.

The disease received the name in honor of the famous physician V. M. Bekhterev who for the first time in detail described an ankylosing spondylitis in 1892. Bekhterev's disease affects, as a rule, men in an age group is more senior than twenty years. The disease and at younger age meets. Cases of an ankylosing spondylitis are registered also at women, but is considerable less than at men.

Pains in sacral and lumbar department of a backbone belong to the first symptoms of a spondylitis of this type. Quite often pain gives to the inguinal area, alternately to the left or right hip. The pain syndrome considerably amplifies when performing hard physical activity, and also after long stay in a motionless state. For this reason the spondylitis often serves as the sleeplessness reason since the amplifying pain forces the patient to waken in the second half of night. Further development of a disease which can continue several years is followed by the following symptoms:

- feeling of constraint and loss of mobility of departments of a backbone;

- the limited (sparing) movements of the patient during the sneezing, cough, a deep breath;

- shortening of a rachis;

- formation of a so-called pose of the applicant who is formed at the expense of dugoobrazno the deformed backbone.

Tubercular spondylitis – the most often found disease type.

At a tubercular spondylitis the characteristic center of inflammatory process is the chest department of a backbone. Other departments of a rachis can be also captured by a disease, but such cases in medical practice meet rather seldom.

Emergence of the destruktsionny center directly in tissue of a vertebral joint belongs to symptoms of a spondylitis of a tubercular form, and inflammatory process can begin more than in six vertebrae at the same time. Distribution of an inflammation out of backbone limits is characteristic of further development of a tubercular spondylitis. In the soft tissues surrounding vertebrae so-called natechnik – cold purulent abscesses form. Finally vertebrae are deformed and begin to take the wedge-shaped form. This destructive process often is followed by heavy and painful complications – compression spinal fractures. Purulent abscesses of back departments of a backbone can become the reason of spinal disturbances since the spinal cord is squeezed and persistent hypostasis forms.

At development of a tubercular form of a spondylitis distinguish three following stages:

- prespondilitichesky (the beginning of formation of a focus of the disease in a vertebra body);

- spondylitic (period of progress of a disease);

- post-spondylitic (the period of a zatikhaniye of inflammatory process and formation of a heavy complication – formation of fistulas).

Treatment of a spondylitis

Modern medical approach to treatment of spondylites of all types (an ankylosing, reactive, aseptic spondylitis and so forth) provides a combination of the complex measures including the following:

1. Use of medicines. For treatment of spondylites antiinflammatory nonsteroid medicines which main effect is directed to decrease in feeling of an oderevenelost of a rachis and stopping of a pain syndrome are used. Unfortunately, the majority of similar drugs has the whole list of contraindications and side effects, one of which - heavy disturbances of work of digestive tract. If the effect of treatment of a spondylitis these medicines is absent, the basic means used at therapy of arthritis – corticosteroids, a methotrexate are appointed.

2. Physical medical exercises. Recreational physical exercises specialists refer regular trainings to the main treatment of a spondylitis. Feasible, and the most important, correctly picked up, exercise stress on the rachis struck with a spondylitis allows not only to keep its flexibility and mobility, but also to correct the broken bearing, to avoid possible hardest complications.

3. Thermotherapy (warmings up). Warming up of the joints affected with a spondylitis and muscular tissue effectively reduces feeling of pain and an oderevenelost. Use of hot bathtubs causes reflex relaxation of muscles that without use of the anesthetizing drugs successfully helps to stop pain.

4. For treatment of a spondylitis in especially heavy stage resort to surgery.