Bladder

The bladder is the hollow muscular body of an urinary system located in a cavity of a small pelvis. It performs two functions: accumulation and removal of urine outside. The bladder at women prilezhit to an upper part of a vagina and a body of the womb, men have a prostate and seed bubbles.

Мочевой пузырь: строение, функции

Bladder structure

In a bladder allocate several parts: neck, body and bottom. At the bottom there are mouths of ureters, and the neck passes into an urethra (urethra). Walls of a bladder consist of several layers. The most inside layer is presented by the mucous membrane (urothelium) having numerous folds which when filling a bladder are almost completely smoothed. Under an urothelium there is a submucosal layer formed by fibers of connecting fabric. Between them in a large number there are blood vessels and nerve terminations. The third layer consists of smooth muscular tissue. From above the bladder is covered by an extima. Normal bladder emptying at adults practically never happens 4 – 8 times a day and at night. However at a bladder inflammation the quantity of urinations increases, at the same time the volume of the produced urine sharply decreases.

Functions of a bladder

The bladder performs function of temporary storage and removal of urine. At its filling the irritation of the numerous nerve terminations located in walls occurs urine. This irritation on the carrying-out nerve pathways is transferred to a cerebral cortex, reporting to it about need of bladder emptying. In response to it there is desire to visit a toilet. At the time of an urination under the influence of the nervous impulse going from a cerebral cortex there is a reduction of a muscular wall of a bladder, and all urine is removed outside.

Bladder diseases

Among all diseases of urinogenital system the bladder inflammation is most often observed (cystitis). It is caused by various pathogenic microflora which can get to it through an urethra (the ascending way) or from kidneys (the descending way). Developing of a disease is promoted by overcooling, disturbance of personal hygiene, uric concrements.

Inflammatory diseases of a bladder at women are observed considerably more often than at men. It is connected with the fact that women have wider and short urethra through which the infection with ease gets into a bladder cavity.

At cystitis patients show complaints to the pains in a stomach bottom having the pulling character. The urination sharply painful, speeded up, urine at the same time is allocated in the small portions, sometimes literally on drops.

The bladder hurts not only at cystitis, but also at other his diseases – bladder stones, cancer, etc.

Doctors urologists are engaged in prevention of diseases and treatment of a bladder. For statement of the exact diagnosis, the doctor conducts examination of the patient (analyses of urine, ultrasonography, an urofloumetriya, a tsistoskopiya, etc.). Treatment of a bladder in most cases conservative. Appoint antibiotics, uroseptik. Phytotherapy is of great importance. In addition recommend to patients observance of a diet (restriction of hot, salty dishes, alcoholic beverages). If necessary appoint physiotherapeutic treatment.

Surgical treatment of a bladder is shown in the presence of malignant new growths of this body, and also in the presence in his cavity of concrements which do not manage to be taken by conservative methods.

It is necessary to remember that the bladder hurts also at some other diseases (kidneys, an ureter, an urethra, a prostate, a tailbone, female generative organs). Therefore only the doctor can make the correct diagnosis and sometimes for this purpose carrying out comprehensive inspection of the patient with involvement of doctors of other specialties is required.

Whether you know that:

To tell even the shortest and simple words, we involve 72 muscles.

6 ways of fight against spring weakness

The unpleasant feelings connected with spring breakdown are familiar almost to each of us. Often happens that in March-April on the person...